4 research outputs found
On the voice-activated question answering
[EN] Question answering (QA) is probably one of the most challenging tasks in the field of natural language processing. It requires search engines that are capable of extracting concise, precise fragments of text that contain an answer to a question posed by the user. The incorporation of voice interfaces to the QA systems adds a more natural and very appealing perspective for these systems. This paper provides a comprehensive description of current state-of-the-art voice-activated QA systems. Finally, the scenarios that will emerge from the introduction of speech recognition in QA will be discussed. © 2006 IEEE.This work was supported in part by Research Projects TIN2009-13391-C04-03 and TIN2008-06856-C05-02. This paper was recommended by Associate Editor V. Marik.Rosso, P.; Hurtado Oliver, LF.; Segarra Soriano, E.; Sanchís Arnal, E. (2012). On the voice-activated question answering. IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics, Part C: Applications and Reviews. 42(1):75-85. https://doi.org/10.1109/TSMCC.2010.2089620S758542
Toponym Disambiguation in Information Retrieval
In recent years, geography has acquired a great importance in the context of
Information Retrieval (IR) and, in general, of the automated processing of
information in text. Mobile devices that are able to surf the web and at the
same time inform about their position are now a common reality, together
with applications that can exploit this data to provide users with locally
customised information, such as directions or advertisements. Therefore,
it is important to deal properly with the geographic information that is
included in electronic texts. The majority of such kind of information is
contained as place names, or toponyms.
Toponym ambiguity represents an important issue in Geographical Information
Retrieval (GIR), due to the fact that queries are geographically constrained.
There has been a struggle to nd speci c geographical IR methods
that actually outperform traditional IR techniques. Toponym ambiguity
may constitute a relevant factor in the inability of current GIR systems to
take advantage from geographical knowledge. Recently, some Ph.D. theses
have dealt with Toponym Disambiguation (TD) from di erent perspectives,
from the development of resources for the evaluation of Toponym Disambiguation
(Leidner (2007)) to the use of TD to improve geographical scope
resolution (Andogah (2010)). The Ph.D. thesis presented here introduces
a TD method based on WordNet and carries out a detailed study of the
relationship of Toponym Disambiguation to some IR applications, such as
GIR, Question Answering (QA) and Web retrieval.
The work presented in this thesis starts with an introduction to the applications
in which TD may result useful, together with an analysis of the
ambiguity of toponyms in news collections. It could not be possible to
study the ambiguity of toponyms without studying the resources that are
used as placename repositories; these resources are the equivalent to language
dictionaries, which provide the di erent meanings of a given word.Buscaldi, D. (2010). Toponym Disambiguation in Information Retrieval [Tesis doctoral no publicada]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/8912Palanci
Computational treatment of superlatives
The use of gradable adjectives and adverbs represents an important means of expressing
comparison in English. The grammatical forms of comparatives and superlatives
are used to express explicit orderings between objects with respect to the degree to
which they possess some gradable property. While comparatives are commonly used
to compare two entities (e.g., “The blue whale is larger than an African elephant”),
superlatives such as “The blue whale is the largest mammal” are used to express a
comparison between a target entity (here, the blue whale) and its comparison set (the
set of mammals), with the target ranked higher or lower on a scale of comparison than
members of the comparison set. Superlatives thus highlight the uniqueness of the target
with respect to its comparison set.
Although superlatives are frequently found in natural language, with the exception of
recent work by (Bos and Nissim, 2006) and (Jindal and Liu, 2006b), they have not yet
been investigated within a computational framework. And within the framework of
theoretical linguistics, studies of superlatives have mainly focused on semantic properties
that may only rarely occur in natural language (Szabolsci (1986), Heim (1999)).
My PhD research aims to pave the way for a comprehensive computational treatment
of superlatives. The initial question I am addressing is that of automatically extracting
useful information about the target entity, its comparison set and their relationship
from superlative constructions. One of the central claims of the thesis is that no unified
computational treatment of superlatives is possible because of their great semantic
complexity and the variety of syntactic structures in which they occur. I propose a
classification of superlative surface forms, and initially focus on so-called “ISA superlatives”,
which make explicit the IS-A relation that holds between target and comparison
set. They are suitable for a computational approach because both their target
and comparison set are usually explicitly realised in the text.
I also aim to show that the findings of this thesis are of potential benefit for NLP applications
such as Question Answering, Natural Language Generation, Ontology Learning,
and Sentiment Analysis/Opinion Mining. In particular, I investigate the use of the
“Superlative Relation Extractor“ implemented in this project in the area of Sentiment
Analysis/Opinion Mining, and claim that a superlative analysis of the sort presented
in this thesis, when applied to product evaluations and recommendations, can provide
just the kind of information that Opinion Mining aims to identify