1,396 research outputs found
Cross-layer aided energy-efficient routing design for ad hoc networks
In this treatise, we first review some basic routing protocols conceived for ad hoc networks, followed by some design examples of cross-layer operation aided routing protocols. Specifically, cross-layer operation across the PHYsical layer (PHY), the Data Link layer (DL) and even the NETwork layer (NET) is exemplified for improving the energy efficiency of the entire system. Moreover, the philosophy of Opportunistic Routing (OR) is reviewed for the sake of further reducing the system's energy dissipation with the aid of optimized Power Allocation (PA). The system's end-to-end throughput is also considered in the context of a design example
Cross-layer Balanced and Reliable Opportunistic Routing Algorithm for Mobile Ad Hoc Networks
For improving the efficiency and the reliability of the opportunistic routing
algorithm, in this paper, we propose the cross-layer and reliable opportunistic
routing algorithm (CBRT) for Mobile Ad Hoc Networks, which introduces the
improved efficiency fuzzy logic and humoral regulation inspired topology
control into the opportunistic routing algorithm. In CBRT, the inputs of the
fuzzy logic system are the relative variance (rv) of the metrics rather than
the values of the metrics, which reduces the number of fuzzy rules
dramatically. Moreover, the number of fuzzy rules does not increase when the
number of inputs increases. For reducing the control cost, in CBRT, the node
degree in the candidate relays set is a range rather than a constant number.
The nodes are divided into different categories based on their node degree in
the candidate relays set. The nodes adjust their transmission range based on
which categories that they belong to. Additionally, for investigating the
effection of the node mobility on routing performance, we propose a link
lifetime prediction algorithm which takes both the moving speed and moving
direction into account. In CBRT, the source node determines the relaying
priorities of the relaying nodes based on their utilities. The relaying node
which the utility is large will have high priority to relay the data packet. By
these innovations, the network performance in CBRT is much better than that in
ExOR, however, the computation complexity is not increased in CBRT.Comment: 14 pages, 17 figures, 31 formulas, IEEE Sensors Journal, 201
Thirty Years of Machine Learning: The Road to Pareto-Optimal Wireless Networks
Future wireless networks have a substantial potential in terms of supporting
a broad range of complex compelling applications both in military and civilian
fields, where the users are able to enjoy high-rate, low-latency, low-cost and
reliable information services. Achieving this ambitious goal requires new radio
techniques for adaptive learning and intelligent decision making because of the
complex heterogeneous nature of the network structures and wireless services.
Machine learning (ML) algorithms have great success in supporting big data
analytics, efficient parameter estimation and interactive decision making.
Hence, in this article, we review the thirty-year history of ML by elaborating
on supervised learning, unsupervised learning, reinforcement learning and deep
learning. Furthermore, we investigate their employment in the compelling
applications of wireless networks, including heterogeneous networks (HetNets),
cognitive radios (CR), Internet of things (IoT), machine to machine networks
(M2M), and so on. This article aims for assisting the readers in clarifying the
motivation and methodology of the various ML algorithms, so as to invoke them
for hitherto unexplored services as well as scenarios of future wireless
networks.Comment: 46 pages, 22 fig
Five decades of hierarchical modulation and its benefits in relay-aided networking
Hierarchical modulation (HM), which is also known as layered modulation, has been widely adopted across the telecommunication industry. Its strict backward compatibility with single-layer modems and its low complexity facilitate the seamless upgrading of wireless communication services. The specific features of HM may be conveniently exploited for improving the throughput/information-rate of the system without requiring any extra bandwidth, while its complexity may even be lower than that of the equivalent system relying on conventional modulation schemes. As a recent research trend, the potential employment of HM in the context of cooperative communications has also attracted substantial research interests. Motivated by the lower complexity and higher flexibility of HM, we provide a comprehensive survey and conclude with a range of promising future research directions. Our contribution is the conception of a new cooperative communication paradigm relying on turbo trellis-coded modulation-aided twin-layer HM-16QAM and the analytical performance investigation of a four-node cooperative communication network employing a novel opportunistic routing algorithm. The specific performance characteristics evaluated include the distribution of delay, the outage probability, the transmit power of each node, the average packet power consumption, and the system throughput. The simulation results have demonstrated that when transmitting the packets formed by layered modulated symbol streams, our opportunistic routing algorithm is capable of reducing the transmit power required for each node in the network compared with that of the system using the traditional opportunistic routing algorithm. We have also illustrated that the minimum packet power consumption of our system using our opportunistic routing algorithm is also lower than that of the system using the traditional opportunistic routing algorithm
- …