5,827 research outputs found
Chaotic systems in complex phase space
This paper examines numerically the complex classical trajectories of the
kicked rotor and the double pendulum. Both of these systems exhibit a
transition to chaos, and this feature is studied in complex phase space.
Additionally, it is shown that the short-time and long-time behaviors of these
two PT-symmetric dynamical models in complex phase space exhibit strong
qualitative similarities.Comment: 22 page, 16 figure
Spin-Spin Coupling in the Solar System
The richness of dynamical behavior exhibited by the rotational states of
various solar system objects has driven significant advances in the theoretical
understanding of their evolutionary histories. An important factor that
determines whether a given object is prone to exhibiting non-trivial rotational
evolution is the extent to which such an object can maintain a permanent
aspheroidal shape, meaning that exotic behavior is far more common among the
small body populations of the solar system. Gravitationally bound binary
objects constitute a substantial fraction of asteroidal and TNO populations,
comprising systems of triaxial satellites that orbit permanently deformed
central bodies. In this work, we explore the rotational evolution of such
systems with specific emphasis on quadrupole-quadrupole interactions, and show
that for closely orbiting, highly deformed objects, both prograde and
retrograde spin-spin resonances naturally arise. Subsequently, we derive
capture probabilities for leading order commensurabilities and apply our
results to the illustrative examples of (87) Sylvia and (216) Kleopatra
asteroid systems. Cumulatively, our results suggest that spin-spin coupling may
be consequential for highly elongated, tightly orbiting binary objects.Comment: 9 pages, 4 figures, accepted to Ap
Chaotic quasi-collision trajectories in the 3-centre problem
We study a particular kind of chaotic dynamics for the planar 3-centre
problem on small negative energy level sets. We know that chaotic motions
exist, if we make the assumption that one of the centres is far away from the
other two (see Bolotin and Negrini, J. Diff. Eq. 190 (2003), 539--558): this
result has been obtained by the use of the Poincar\'e-Melnikov theory. Here we
change the assumption on the third centre: we do not make any hypothesis on its
position, and we obtain a perturbation of the 2-centre problem by assuming its
intensity to be very small. Then, for a dense subset of possible positions of
the perturbing centre on the real plane, we prove the existence of uniformly
hyperbolic invariant sets of periodic and chaotic almost collision orbits by
the use of a general result of Bolotin and MacKay (see Cel. Mech. & Dyn. Astr.
77 (2000), 49--75). To apply it, we must preliminarily construct chains of
collision arcs in a proper way. We succeed in doing that by the classical
regularisation of the 2-centre problem and the use of the periodic orbits of
the regularised problem passing through the third centre.Comment: 22 pages, 6 figure
Periodic solutions for the N-vortex problem via a superposition principle
We examine the -vortex problem on general domains
concerning the existence of nonstationary
collision-free periodic solutions. The problem in question is a first order
Hamiltonian system of the form where
is the strength of the th vortex at
position , is the standard
symplectic matrix and with some regular and symmetric, but in general not explicitely
known function . The investigation
relies on the idea to superpose a stationary solution of a system of less than
vortices and several clusters of vortices that are close to rigidly
rotating configurations of the whole-plane system. We establish general
conditions on both, the stationary solution and the configurations, under which
multiple -periodic solutions are shown to exist for every small
enough. The crucial condition holds in generic bounded domains and is
explicitely verified for an example in the unit disc . In
particular we therefore obtain various examples of periodic solutions in
that are not rigidly rotating configurations.Comment: 27 pages, 1 figur
In Situ Formation and Dynamical Evolution of Hot Jupiter Systems
Hot Jupiters, giant extrasolar planets with orbital periods shorter than ~10
days, have long been thought to form at large radial distances, only to
subsequently experience long-range inward migration. Here, we propose that in
contrast with this picture, a substantial fraction of the hot Jupiter
population formed in situ via the core accretion process. We show that under
conditions appropriate to the inner regions of protoplanetary disks, rapid gas
accretion can be initiated by Super-Earth type planets, comprising 10-20 Earth
masses of refractory composition material. An in situ formation scenario leads
to testable consequences, including the expectation that hot Jupiters should
frequently be accompanied by additional low-mass planets with periods shorter
than ~100 days. Our calculations further demonstrate that dynamical
interactions during the early stages of planetary systems' lifetimes should
increase the inclinations of such companions, rendering transits rare.
High-precision radial velocity monitoring provides the best prospect for their
detection.Comment: 19 pages, 10 figures, accepted to Ap
Quantum spin models with electrons in Penning traps
We propose a scheme to engineer an effective spin Hamiltonian starting from a
system of electrons confined in micro-Penning traps. By means of appropriate
sequences of electromagnetic pulses, alternated to periods of free evolution,
we control the shape and strength of the spin-spin interaction. Moreover, we
can modify the effective magnetic field experienced by the particle spin. This
procedure enables us to reproduce notable quantum spin systems, such as Ising
and XY models. Thanks to its scalability, our scheme can be applied to a fairly
large number of trapped particles within the reach of near future technology.Comment: 22 pages, 1 figure, added minor changes and typos, accepted for
publication in PR
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