Kajian pembangunan kerangka model usahawan wanita

This study aims to examine and gather detailed information on the business achievement of several women entrepreneurs in Malaysia and to record the profiles of the women entrepreneurs who involved in the study.In addition, this study also identifies issues, problems and challenges faced by the women entrepreneurs and to determine the critical success factors (critical success factors-CSF), decision making styles, leadership styles, entrepreneurial skills, spiritual factors and socialization factors that influence their business success.Based on the findings, the study has developed a model that could be used as a basis for more studies that may assist in the continuous learning process of students and entrepreneurs (both new and existing ones) in Malaysia.Several recommendations regarding training programs for these groups are also provided. Data collection methods used in the study include the primary data, secondary data sources, and also observations that help to ensure the findings of the study are able to comprehensively answer all the research questions.A total of 11 successful women entrepreneurs (comprised of Malay, Chinese and Indian) in Malaysia involved in this study. In general, the research findings indicate that the main determinant factors of the women entrepreneurs’ business success are individual, organizational and environmental factors.Furthermore, support and assistance from the government agencies, entrepreneurs’ moral and spiritual values, and networking and ‘guanxi’ factors could act as the moderator to the respondents’ business success

Critical success factors of successful Indian entrepreneurs in the Tshwane metropolitan area

This work seeks to explore the critical success factors that influence the success of Indian small business owners in the Tshwane area. To achieve this, the objective of the study is to confirm whether there are significant differences between a successful and less successful group of business owners in terms of general management skills, personal characteristics and entrepreneurial orientation and financing of the business. Through an analysis of theoretical information and empirical results it is possible to facilitate a better understanding of how Indian entrepreneurs operating in small and medium enterprises sustain success, thus enabling learnings that contribute to the body of knowledge relating to entrepreneurship development in South Africa. From the literature it became clear that cultural dimensions have an impact on the entrepreneurial process. The arrival of Indians to South Africa has also contributed to the Indian culture. The characteristics that describe ethnic entrepreneurs and success factors attributed to their success is described. Small and medium enterprises (SMEs) are crucial for the development of any country as they offer benefits of economic growth and employment generation. The success factors to sustain SMEs are also described. Data was collected from respondents by means of a convenience sample using a structured questionnaire consisting of 28 questions. A total of 106 useable questionnaires were returned, which were then classified into a successful and less successful group, based on the criteria of annual turnover and employment growth. The classification process resulted in the successful group containing 38 respondents while the less successful group contained 49 respondents. The findings of the study indicate that there are no significant differences between the comparable groups in relation to management skills and finance factors. There are, however, significant differences relating to personal factors, such as the level of education, family support and experience. Finally, an important learning is that the Indian entrepreneurs in this study are similar to ethnic entrepreneurs reviewed in literature. CopyrightDissertation (MBA)--University of Pretoria, 2010.Gordon Institute of Business Science (GIBS)unrestricte

From \u27Break Out\u27 to \u27Breakthrough\u27: Successful Market Strategies of Immigrant Entrepreneurs in the UK

This paper explores the strategies that enable ethnic minority immigrant entrepreneurs to \u27break out\u27 of local ethnic markets and \u27break through\u27 into more promising markets with greater opportunities. It analyzes the contextual and personal characteristics of the entrepreneurs that implement those strategies, based on a primary survey of South Asian entrepreneurs in the UK. The analysis suggests that breaking out of co-ethnic customer markets is neither necessary nor sufficient for entrepreneurial expansion. The critical factor is the entrepreneur\u27s ability to break through into customer markets that are larger, by geographical reach or profit margins and value added. Many successful immigrant entrepreneurs leverage market knowledge of their home countries. At the same time, the more successful entrepreneurs break out of ethnic labor markets by hiring non-ethnic employees. The capacity to \u27break out\u27 and \u27break through\u27 into larger, global markets, is strengthened by the entrepreneur\u27s education, experience, access and ability to leverage international business networks, and agility to move into more promising markets

Women Entrepreneurship in Chennai, India – Factors Trigger and Prevent

The last four decades of the 20th century have seen faster growth in women entrepreneurship underpinning the profound success of the globalized Indian economy. Women entrepreneurs encounter numerous challenges in various areas of production, marketing, finance, and other business operations. The objective of this research study is to analyze the various factors affecting the women entrepreneurship development in the Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) of the industrial estates of Chennai. The study is focused on 107 women entrepreneurs of the SMEs, who were selected on the basis of random sampling and were contacted through a well-defined questionnaire. The primary data collected was compiled and thoroughly analyzed to arrive at conclusions. A critical analysis was carried out using the null hypothesis, Chi-square tests, and ranking tests. The study reveals that factors such as education, previous experience and employment, and religion play a crucial role in motivating most of today’s women-run SMEs. Further, this paper critically analyzes the discouraging factors impeding the women entrepreneurial development in SMEs across the industrial estates of Chennai, the State Capital of Tamil Nadu (India). Our empirical results reveal that the financial impediments discourage the behavior of the women entrepreneurs to the highest degree and preventing their operations causing enormous anguish as governmental financial programs (good on paper) are seldom executed on the ground. Hence, Government thought to help the women entrepreneurs through financial assistance especially during the moratorium period of the units, facilitating the acceleration process. Government assistance and adequate financial support as detailed in the Effective Forces Model could only repulse the frictional forces acting against the women entrepreneurs and lead them toward successful entrepreneurship. This research study gives further scope to the researchers to get to the bottom of the iceberg to find out the other factors which could promote women entrepreneurship

The notion of growth: A research agenda for SMEs and entrepreneurs

Academics within the Small and Medium-Sized Enterprise (SME) sector have been working towards identifying the factors that are impediments to the growth and development of SMEs around the world. This article attempts to understand the ‘notion of growth’ as experienced by SMEs in Wales and East India (particularly West Bengal), by exploring the narratives of entrepreneurs within those regions (see images 1 and 2 below). Our research is primarily qualitative in nature and is based on a semi-structured interview approach in Wales, and on narrative inquiry in India. We believe that such a methodology is critical in understanding the notion of growth, and our method involved interviewing established entrepreneurs in order to ascertain their multiple perspectives on growth. We assert the importance in Government policy formulation of understanding and using the language of growth as defined by the ‘context’ of the entrepreneurs. Our research approach: briefly, our research involved the collection and interpretation of both qualitative and quantitative data. In Wales, we worked with six gender-balanced focus groups, each consisting of eight business-owners who represent a range of MSMEs across the regions. Group discussions were augmented by in-depth 1:1 interviews. We also conducted a comprehensive, questionnaire-based pan-Wales telephone survey. In West Bengal, we engaged in a narrative inquiry, derived from 1:1 conversations and field notes, with a group of eight male entrepreneurs. Requests for confidentiality were a particular issue here. We selected the West Bengal Chamber of Commerce and CREDAI – (the Bengal branch of the Confederation of Real Estate Developers Association of India), as well as other forums that we mention throughout this article, according to their relevance to thematic analysis of the data we collected. If you would like a more detailed account of our sampling and research methods, please feel free to contact Nihar Amoncar.N/

Catalyzing Growth in the Women-Run Small and Medium Enterprises Sector (SMEs): Evaluating the Goldman Sachs 10,000 Women Initiative

This document presents ICRWs initial (qualitative) evaluation of the Goldman Sachs "10,000 Women" initiative in India to identify early results of the program on women entrepreneurs' business skills, practices and growth. Launched in 2008, the initiative?aims to provide 10,000 women who run small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) with high-quality business and management skills training

Proximities and innovation : evidence from the Indian IT industry in Bangalore

Much has been written on the success of the Indian software industry, enumerating systemic factors like first-class higher education and research institutions, both public and private; low labour costs, stimulating (state) policies etc. However, although most studies analyzing the 'Indian' software industry cover essentially the South (and West) Indian clusters, this issue has not been tackled explicitly. This paper supplements the economic geography explanations mentioned above with the additional factor social capital, which is not only important within the region, but also in transnational (ethnic) networks linking Indian software clusters with the Silicon Valley. In other words, spatial proximity is complemented with cultural proximity, thereby, extending the system of innovation. The main hypothesis is that some Indian regions are more apt to economic development and innovation due to their higher affinity to education and learning, as well as, their more general openness, which has been a main finding of my interviews. In addition, the transnational networks of Silicon Valley Indians seem to be dominated by South Indians, thus, corroborating the regional clustering of the Indian software industry. JEL Classifications: O30, R12, Z13, L8

Enabling prosperity: success factors in Indigenous economic development

Public discussion about ‘closing the gap’ between Indigenous and non-Indigenous Australians tends to focus on measures such as life expectancy, child mortality, early childhood education, literacy and numeracy, and employment.  These are, rightly, essential markers of health and well-being for all people, and for decades they have provided evidence that Australia’s health and social systems have not met the needs of Indigenous Australians. However, there is another story, one that focuses on the measures of success, as evident in the many thriving Indigenous businesses and corporations around the country.  Across Australia, there is a growing story of economic security and success, in which Indigenous Australians are creating enterprises combining sound business principles with strong cultural and social foundations for the benefit of individuals, families and communities. Urbis was commissioned by Westpac to undertake research into Indigenous business development, to provide an evidence base to support the work of the Empowered Communities group. The report, Enabling Prosperity: Success Factors in Indigenous Economic Development, suggests that these factors are much the same as for any other businesses: human capital, access to capital and markets, infrastructure, location and an authorising environment created through government policy and regulation. In practice, businesses succeed because of more than one factor, and multiple factors can strengthen the capacity of a business to grow and develop.  For instance, access to capital often relies on the development of successful partnerships, while ownership of land and resources requires human capital to realise its potential. Indigenous culture can be both a support and a resource. Individual attitude and vision are also essential ingredients in business success, while government plays an important role in ensuring the regulatory environment enables rather than hinders business efforts. Much can be learned by examining successful Indigenous businesses both in Australia and internationally. Businesses are the key driver for wealth creation, helping to provide job opportunities and improve social and economic conditions. Fostering business success, therefore, has the potential to increase employment, improve living standards, and contribute to stable and nurturing communities. Current government policy frameworks, such as the Indigenous Economic Development Strategy, are largely focused on increasing education and training and generating opportunities for private sector employment and enterprise.  This is important. Just as important is the contribution that successful community or non-profit enterprises can make in providing employment, generating business investment for growth, building partnerships and demonstrating positive role models. The Empowered Communities group is such a national initiative. Formed in 2013, the group brings together Indigenous leaders from eight communities across Australia and seeks to strengthen Indigenous individuals and communities through a range of activities (see https://empoweredcomms.wordpress.com for more information). Strategies that strengthen both individual and community business initiatives will help to ensure that more Indigenous Australians have the opportunity to live successful and productive lives.  Everyone has a contribution to make in this regard. Governments can create an enabling regulatory environment. Banks can enable access to capital. Local chambers of commerce can foster business development through support and networks for new entrepreneurs. Communities and individuals can purchase goods and services from Indigenous businesses. Building a strong and vibrant Indigenous business and social enterprise sector can then contribute to improving many of the health and social indicators, such as improving nutrition and healthy lifestyle choices, and increasing employment and education.  Efforts to improve Indigenous outcomes really are everyone’s business

Economy of Bangladesh: Identifying Pragmatic Policy Responses

Proceedings of a Seminar held in Dhaka, Bangladesh 18-19 October 201