EFFICIENCY ANALYSIS OF COBB-DOUGLAS PRODUCTION FUNCTION IN KOJA CONTAINER TERMINAL, TANJUNG PRIOK PORT

Container terminal efficiency and productivity is important issues since productivity of container terminal in Indonesia is the low but the total handling charge is relatively high compared in ASEAN. When productivity low while total handling charge is high, it reflects the inefficiency of input in production process, so the efficiency could be improved to meet the international requirements. This study was using Cobb-Douglas Production Function to analyze efficiency of Koja container terminal in the period 2010-2014, and Herfindahl-Hierschman Index (HH Index) and Shift Share Analysis to analyze the output share of Koja container terminal to Tanjung Priok Port. The results of this study shows that the inconsistent the assumption of Cobb-Douglas Production Function in Koja container terminal. This study also finds out that technological progress is a main contributor in container throughput growth. Finally, the market structure is oligopoly which concentrated in two terminals. The conclusion of this study is technological has an important role to increase the efficiency of the container terminal in order to compete in market. Terminal operator is advised to improve the quality service in handling process and necessary creates good governance to develop the port activities. The limitation of this study is the lack of data that makes this variable using proxy so it can not explain the overall situation. Moreover, using ordinary least square can not accommodate to decompose the total factor productivity, the best methods to decompose TFP is using Stochastic Frontier Analysis (SFA)

Container terminal handling quality

In any service market, the price/quality relationship is of main importance. In the container terminal handling market, quality is important in attracting and retaining customers. Meeting customer needs and delivering high quality for low costs are critical factors for terminals to be successful. Container transport companies are interested in speed and reliability. The time a ship or barge stays in a port must be minimised, and, therefore, the handling of containers must be executed in a fast and reliable way. The operations at the terminal, after the handling of the containers on and off the ship, must be reliable as well. Quantitative information on container terminal quality is hard to obtain. Container terminals are monitoring their quality levels, but the results are not publicly available. Therefore, a literature survey forms the main input for this paper combined with interviews with terminal operators. The aim of this paper is to offer an operational approach for the measurement of the quality of container terminal services. The central research question is; ‘Which are critical performance conditions in terms of quality for container terminals?’ For the container terminal sector in Europe, ‘reliability’ is now the number 1 quality aspect in their transport services (including container terminal handling). Quality levels must meet high standards set by container carriers. Costs, incurred by better quality performance cannot be recovered through higher rates. ‘Reliability’, in terms of meeting container carriers’ demand, is thus a critical performance condition for maritime container terminals. An external performance improvement characteristic might be ‘flexibility’. Deep-sea ship arrivals are no easy planning task, as weather influences and other problematic developments make the terminal operator’s task more difficult. Through strict contracts, all risks of delays and terminal berth congestion are passed onto the terminal operator. This makes ‘flexibility’ a critical performance condition. A critical performance condition for continental terminal operators is a ‘total service’

A study on RFID adoption for vehicle tracking in container terminal

Purpose: Numerous studies discuss that Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) technology can provide better container handling efficiency; however, relative lack of research concerns the tracking and monitoring the movement of vehicle in the container terminal environment. Thus, this study aims at discussing the feasibility of applying RFID for vehicle tracking purpose in a container terminal. Design/methodology/approach: This study makes use of a series of experiments in a container terminal to discuss the factors that affect the use of RFID in the terminal. The possibility and accuracy of using RFID in such challenging environment is also investigated. These propositions are investigated by a case study. Findings: The experimental results indicate that the RFID communication is good at the containers area which occupies nearly all the area in the container terminal. However, in other area such as sea side and free area, the performance is not good and 100% readability only achieved in 5m and 10m in free area and sea side respectively. Originality/value: The container terminal environment, which consists of different transport vehicles for onward transportation, will affect the performance of RFID readability. Poor setup of the RFID reader and tag will lower the feasibility of RFID adoption as well as increase the cost. In order to address the challenges of implementing RFID in the container terminal environment, this paper provides a series of real site testing experiments to study the RFID performance in the container terminal environment. This represents an original contribution of value to future research and practice in the RFID adoptions in container terminal environmentPeer Reviewe

Effective algorithms for integrated scheduling of handling equipment at automated container terminals

In this paper we consider the problem of integrated scheduling of various types of handling equipment at an automated container terminal, where the objective is to minimize the makespan of the schedule. We present a Branch & Bound algorithm that uses various combinatorial lower bounds. Computational experiments show that this algorithm is able to produce optimal or near optimal schedules for instances of practical size in a reasonable time. We also develop a Beam Search heuristic that can be used to tackle very large problem instances. Our experiments show that for such instances the heuristic obtains close to optimal solutions in a reasonable time.AGV's;Container terminal;beam search;branch & bound;scheduling

Modeling an offshore container terminal: the Venice case study

In order to reduce marine transportation times and related costs, as well as the environmental impacts, an alternative multimodal route to the current Suez-Gibraltar-North Sea corridor for the containers shipped from Far and Middle East was identified as potentially very effective. A key operational problem to achieve this result is the capacity and the effectiveness of the terminals within the concerned new logistic chain. In this framework, the Venice Port Authority is developing a project aimed to improve relevantly the potential of its container terminals to al-low loading/unloading of containers to and from the Central Europe. The project includes a new offshore terminal for mooring huge ships (up to 18.000 TEU) in the Adriatic Sea and a link operated by barges with an onshore terminal in Venice to overcome the constraints for the navigation of the containers ships in the Venetian lagoon. This innovative operational scheme requires a deep functional analysis to ensure the full capacity operation, assess the reachable performances and correspondingly dimensioning the required equipment (cranes, barges, quays, etc.). For this purpose, the authors developed a specific discrete-events simulation model. The paper includes the presentation of the model and the results of its application to Venice case study, by identifying the benefits achievable with this approach and the potential wider application fields

Productivity simulation model for optimization of maritime container terminals

This article describes a proposed productivity simulation model enabling container terminal operators to find optimization possibilities. A research of more than forty terminals has been done, in order to provide a helping tool for maritime container terminals. By applying an adequate simulation model, it is possible to measure and increase the productivity in all subsystem of the maritime container terminal. Management of a maritime container terminal includes a vast number of different financial and operational decisions. Financial decisions are often in a direct connection with investments in infrastructure and handling equipment. Such investments are very expensive. Therefore, they must give back the invested money as soon as possible. On the other hand, some terminals are limited by the physical extension and are forced to increase annual throughput only with sophisticated equipment on the berth side and on the yard as well. Considering all these important facts in container and shipping industry, the proposed simulation model gives a helping tool for checking the productivity and its time variation and monitoring competitiveness of a certain maritime terminal with terminals from the same group

Influência das características do porto/terminal de contentores no seu desempenho

Com o presente trabalho de investigação pretende-se determinar o impacto das características do porto e características do terminal de contentores no desempenho do terminal de contentores. Como aumentar o nível de desempenho de um terminal de contentores e explicar o seu sucesso? Os objetivos são analisar a influência da localização do porto (“position-port”), infraestruturas do porto (“hard-port”) e serviços do porto (“soft-port”) no desempenho do terminal e avaliar o efeito das infraestruturas do terminal (“hard-terminal”) e serviços do terminal (“soft-terminal”) no desempenho do terminal. São utilizadas as metodologias DEA – “data envelopment analysis” -, análise de componentes principais, regressão linear e modelo de equações estruturais (SEM). A amostra com 205 observações relativa aos terminais de contentores ibéricos e europeus foi recolhida através de dois inquéritos recorrendo a informação quantitativa e qualitativa de características do porto e terminais. Os resultados verificam a relação entre o desempenho do terminal e diversas variáveis que caracterizam o terminal e o porto e não permitem rejeitar o efeito da localização (“position-port”), infraestruturas do porto (“hard-port”), infraestruturas do terminal (“hard-terminal”), serviços do porto (“soft-port”) e serviços do terminal (“soft-terminal”) no desempenho dos terminais de contentores; ### The present research work aims to determine the impact of the characteristics of the port and the container terminal in the performance of the container terminal. How to increase the performance level of a container terminal and explain it success? The objectives are to analyze the influence of the location of the port (position-port), the port infrastructure (hard-port) and port services (soft-port) in terminal performance and evaluate the effect of the terminal infrastructure (hard-terminal) and terminal services (soft-terminal) in terminal performance. Data envelopment analysis (DEA), factor analysis, linear regression and structural equation modeling (SEM) methodologies are used. The sample with 205 observations on the Iberian and European container terminals was collected through two surveys using quantitative and qualitative information on characteristics of the port and terminals. The results verify the relationship between the performance of the terminal and various variables characterizing the terminal and the port and confirm the effect of the location (position-port), port infrastructure (hard-port), terminal infrastructure (hard-terminal), port services (soft-port) and terminal services (soft -terminal) in the performance of container terminals