Bottom-up vs. top-down : trade-offs in efficiency, understanding, freedom and creativity with InfoVis tools

The emergence of tools that support fast-and-easy visualization creation by non-experts has made the benefits of InfoVis widely accessible. Key features of these tools include attribute-level operations, automated mappings, and visualization templates. However, these features shield people from lower-level visualization design steps, such as the specific mapping of data points to visuals. In contrast, recent research promotes constructive visualization where individual data units and visuals are directly manipulated. We present a qualitative study comparing people's visualization processes using two visualization tools: one promoting a top-down approach to visualization construction (Tableau Desktop) and one implementing a bottom-up constructive visualization approach (iVoLVER). Our results show how the two approaches influence: 1) the visualization process, 2) decisions on the visualization design, 3) the feeling of control and authorship, and 4) the willingness to explore alternative designs. We discuss the complex trade-offs between the two approaches and outline considerations for designing better visualization tools.Postprin

Designing digital constructive visualization tools

The emergence of tools that support fast and easy creation of visualizations has made the benefits of Information Visualization (InfoVis) more accessible. The predominant design for visualization authoring tools often includes features such as automated mappings and visualization templates, which make tools effective and easy-to-use. These features, however, still impose barriers to non-experts (i.e., people with no formal training on visualization concepts). The paradigm of Constructive Visualization (ConstructiveVis) has shown potential to overcome some of these barriers, but it has only been investigated through the use of physical tokens that people manipulate to create representations of data. This dissertation investigates how the principles of ConstructiveVis can be applied in the design and implementation of digital constructive visualization tools. This thesis presents the results of several observational studies that uncover how tools that promote a constructive approach to visualization compare to more conventional ones. It also sheds light on what kind of benefits and limitations digital ConstructiveVis brings into non-experts' visualization design process. The investigations here presented lay the foundations for the design of better visualization tools that not only allow people to create effective visualizations but also promote critical reflection on design principles

The Integration of Constructive Visualization, Self-Talk, and Relaxation in the Acquisition of Social Skills

The need for teaching social skills, imagery, relaxation, and self-talk was studied and confirmed. Review and use of many of these curriculums revealed overlap among some curriculums, but none fully integrated skills from each of the diverse approaches to teaching social competence. The purpose of this project was to integrate a select body of information addressing social skills, self-talk, relaxation, and imagery into a developmental curriculum for use with children and adolescents

Towards Autocomplete Strategies for Visualization Construction

Constructive visualization uses physical data units - tokens - to enable non-experts to create personalized visualizations engagingly. However, its physical nature limits efficiency and scalability. One potential solution to address this issue is autocomplete. By providing automated suggestions while still allowing for manual intervention, autocomplete can expedite visualization construction while maintaining expressivity. We conduct a speculative design study to examine how people would like to interact with a visualization authoring system that supports autocomplete. Our study identifies three types of autocomplete strategies and gains insights for designing future visualization authoring tools with autocomplete functionality. A free copy of this paper and all supplemental materials are available on our online repository https://osf.io/nu4z3/?view_only=594baee54d114a99ab381886fb32a126Comment: 5 pages, 4 figure

Considering agency and data granularity in the design of visualization tools

The Ecuadorian Government supports Gonzalo Gabriel Méndez through a SENESCYT scholarship.Previous research has identified trade-offs when it comes to designing visualization tools. While constructive “bottom-up” tools promote a hands-on, user-driven design process that enables a deep understanding and control of the visual mapping, automated tools are more efficient and allow people to rapidly explore complex alternative designs, often at the cost of transparency. We investigate how to design visualization tools that support a user-driven, transparent design process while enabling efficiency and automation, through a series of design workshops that looked at how both visualization experts and novices approach this problem. Participants produced a variety of solutions that range from example-based approaches expanding constructive visualization to solutions in which the visualization tool infers solutions on behalf of the designer, e.g., based on data attributes. On a higher level, these findings highlight agency and granularity as dimensions that can guide the design of visualization tools in this space.Postprin

Rectifying the Tilt: Equality Lessons from Religion, Disability, Sexual Orientation, and Transgender

It was an honor and a joy to deliver the Tenth Annual Frank M. Coffin Lecture on Law and Public Service and to publish it now in the Maine Law Review. I thank you for this opportunity. I have always believed that a life worth living includes two necessary components: passion and connection. I experience those components both in my work and in my personal life. I love the passion I find in my work - both in my advocacy efforts to advance justice in the world and in the teaching through which I try to pass on to others whatever skills and wisdom I have accumulated over the years. And I love the passion I find in my personal life, in my efforts to explore and commit to the joys and challenges of intimacy and friendship. The connections that I treasure track my various passions: starting from the connections I experience in an intimate relationship and in personal friendships, to the connections I have with colleagues, students, and mentors. Judge Frank Morey Coffin is a remarkable and joyous connection in my life. It is the connection of a mentor, of a teacher, and of a friend. And in the example of his life, Judge Coffin has demonstrated his passion for making the world a better place, for imparting wisdom (and jibes and practical jokes) to his students, and for maintaining a full and happy home life. I have been enriched by this connection with Judge Coffin - both enriched with little pearls of wisdom and with great peals of laughter - and I am everlastingly grateful for those riches. I can think of no finer way to honor that connection, and to pay back some of the amazing gifts showered on me by Judge Coffin, than to deliver (and publish) the Coffin lecture on law and public service, which encompasses so many of the passions and connections of my life. And on this occasion of the Tenth Annual Coffin Lecture, I feel I stand here as a representative of every former, and current, law clerk of Judge Coffin, all of whom, I know, would echo my gratitude and joy for their connection to the judge

Virtual prototyping as an evaluation method for functional clothing

In the process of developing new products, validation through prototypes is of fundamental importance. This traditional task accelerates the process, allowing detection of errors, identification of changes in the styles, turning possible the observation of new potential solutions. CAD 3D software for textile-based products contributes to the aesthetic and constructive visualization of new products. This paper has as objective the evaluation of the contributions of the virtual prototyping systems in the aid of the ergonomic validation of functional garments, related to the compression and the tension produced on the body of the user. The research procedure of this study lies within the exploratory field of qualitative character. Through the experimental process, it was possible to identify the characteristics and differentials between the traditional and virtual procedure in the ergonomic validation of clothing. Finally, it is possible to conclude that the virtual simulation offers significant gains in the development process for new products. Nevertheless, this technique does not eliminate the need to produce the physical pilot garment as a final evaluation of the development process.We would like to acknowledge 2C2T-Science Center for Textile Technology from University of Minho. This work is financed by FEDER funds through the Competitive Factors Operational Program (COMPETE) POCI-01-0145-FEDER-007136 and by national funds through FCT-Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology, under the project UID/CTM/000264