104,773 research outputs found
Evolution of Human-like Social Grooming Strategies regarding Richness and Group Size
Human beings tend to cooperate with close friends, therefore they have to
construct strong social relationships to recieve cooperation from others.
Therefore they should have acquired their strategies of social relationship
construction through an evolutionary process. The behavior of social
relationship construction is know as "social grooming." In this paper, we show
that there are four classes including a human-like strategy in evolutionary
dynamics of social grooming strategies based on an evolutionary game
simulation. Social relationship strengths (as measured by frequency of social
grooming) often show a much skewed distribution (a power law distribution). It
may be due to time costs constraints on social grooming, because the costs are
too large to ignore for having many strong social relationships. Evolution of
humans' strategies of construction of social relationships may explain the
origin of human intelligence based on a social brain hypothesis. We constructed
an individual-based model to explore the evolutionary dynamics of social
grooming strategies. The model is based on behavior to win over others by
strengthening social relationships with cooperators. The results of
evolutionary simulations show the four classes of evolutionary dynamics. The
results depend on total resources and the ratio of each cooperator's resource
to the number of cooperators. One of the four classes is similar to a human
strategy, i.e. the strategies based on the Yule--Simon process of power law.Comment: 21 pages, 10 figure
Creating value(s) by integrating local and extra-local resources in cereal production in the Swiss Alps
This paper explores the long-term prospect of alternative, local food initiatives, taking a particular interest in the development of the embedded local values, understood as economic as well as cultural values. Analysing the case of a cooperative of mountain cereal farmers in Switzerland, we show that sustaining local values-based quality is a dynamic process of linking local and extra-local resources. Our results first show the importance of both proximity and place in constructing the âlocalâ by the cooperative. Second, product flow, knowledge and information exchange, quality control, and innovation are governed by both horizontal and vertical relationships between local and extra-local resources, and these multiple relationships build trust in the network and beyond. This, thirdly, enables the cooperative to continuously reproduce its values by weaving them into a cycle of quality creation. We conclude that we need to understand the characteristic values-based quality of the cooperativeâs products as the result of a recurring cycle of local and extra-local knowledge creation and resource exchange
Lightweight Interactions for Reciprocal Cooperation in a Social Network Game
The construction of reciprocal relationships requires cooperative
interactions during the initial meetings. However, cooperative behavior with
strangers is risky because the strangers may be exploiters. In this study, we
show that people increase the likelihood of cooperativeness of strangers by
using lightweight non-risky interactions in risky situations based on the
analysis of a social network game (SNG). They can construct reciprocal
relationships in this manner. The interactions involve low-cost signaling
because they are not generated at any cost to the senders and recipients.
Theoretical studies show that low-cost signals are not guaranteed to be
reliable because the low-cost signals from senders can lie at any time.
However, people used low-cost signals to construct reciprocal relationships in
an SNG, which suggests the existence of mechanisms for generating reliable,
low-cost signals in human evolution.Comment: 13 pages, 2 figure
Constructing the legitimacy of a financial cooperative in the cultural sector : a case study using textual analysis
This paper investigates the foundations of cooperative identity and how it is constructed by the organisation. More specifically, our research focuses on a financial cooperative in the simultaneously emerging and consolidating cultural sector. The originality of this paper lies in the methodology usedâtextual analysis. We use the Economies of Worth model developed by Boltanski & ThĂ©venot (2006), which accounts for a plurality of legitimate forms of evaluation used in the processes of critique and justification.COOPERATIVE ENTERPRISE;ECONOMIES OF WORTH;ORGANIZATIONAL VALUE;SOCIAL ECONOMY
A survey of agent-oriented methodologies
This article introduces the current agent-oriented methodologies. It discusses what approaches have been followed (mainly extending existing object oriented and knowledge engineering methodologies), the suitability of these approaches for agent modelling, and some conclusions drawn from the survey
The Role of Knowledge in Constructing the Quality of Olive Oil in Spain
The sustainability of a large proportion of Spanish olive oil-producing territories depends
to a great extent on their capacity to fit into a specific model of food quality. The strategies used
in the di erent territories di er with respect to their adherence to the objectifiable conception of
quality, based on scientific-technical knowledge, or subjectivating conception of quality, based on
tacit and practical knowledge. In this paper, we analyse the route taken by two territories with olive
oil protected designation of origin (PDO) status in Spain to construct their quality model, the type of
knowledge that has been applied and how knowledge processes a ect the construction of sustainable
quality models. This study applies a qualitative methodology based on participative observation
and semi-structured interviews with key actors of the territories. The results indicate that processes
of production, reproduction and dissemination of knowledge are basic pillars for the construction
of sustainable quality projects. The degree of understanding of the objectifiable and subjectivating
conception of quality in olive-producing territories and the interaction between them depend on
the specific characteristics of the territory, the objectives set in connection to the olive oil quality
method, the importance given to the di erent types of knowledge, and its standing on the issue of
territorial sustainabilit
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