62,489 research outputs found
Road User Charging â Pricing Structures.
This project considers the extent to which the public could cope with complex price or tariff structures such as those that might be considered in the context of a national congestion pricing scheme. The key elements of the brief were:
âą to review existing studies of road pricing schemes to assess what information and evidence already exists on the key issues;
âą to identify what can be learned about pricing structures from other transport modes and other industries and in particular what issues and conclusions might be transferable;
âą to improve the general understanding of the relationship between information and peopleâs ability to respond; and
âą to recommend what further research would be most valuable to fill evidence gaps and enable conclusions to be drawn about an effective structure
Managed information gathering and fusion for transient transport problems
This paper deals with vehicular traffic management by communication technologies from Traffic Control Center point of view in road networks. The global goal is to manage the urban traffic by road traffic operations, controlling and interventional possibilities in order to minimize the traffic delays and stops and to improve traffic safety on the roads. This paper focuses on transient transport, when the controlling management is crucial. The aim was to detect the beginning time of the transient traffic on the roads, to gather the most appropriate data and to get reliable information for interventional suggestions. More reliable information can be created by information fusion, several fusion techniques are expounded in this paper. A half-automatic solution with Decision Support System has been developed to help with engineers in suggestions of interventions based on real time traffic data. The information fusion has benefits for Decision Support System: the complementary sensors may fill the gaps of one another, the system is able to detect the changing of the percentage of different vehicle types in traffic. An example of detection and interventional suggestion about transient traffic on transport networks of a little town is presented at the end of the paper. The novelty of this paper is the gathering of information - triggered by the state changing from stationer to transient - from ad hoc channels and combining them with information from developed regular channels. --information gathering,information fusion,Kalman filter,transient traffic,Decision Support System
Logic Programming Applications: What Are the Abstractions and Implementations?
This article presents an overview of applications of logic programming,
classifying them based on the abstractions and implementations of logic
languages that support the applications. The three key abstractions are join,
recursion, and constraint. Their essential implementations are for-loops, fixed
points, and backtracking, respectively. The corresponding kinds of applications
are database queries, inductive analysis, and combinatorial search,
respectively. We also discuss language extensions and programming paradigms,
summarize example application problems by application areas, and touch on
example systems that support variants of the abstractions with different
implementations
Routes to roots: second-generation Turks from Germany âreturnâ to Turkey
Based on 26 in-depth interviews with German-born second-generation adults of Turkish parentage who have relocated to the Istanbul region, this paper consists of three parts corresponding to three questions regarding: (i) their memories of growing up in Germany, (ii) the circumstances and motivations surrounding their âreturnâ and (iii) their experiences of life in Turkey since return. We draw on the conceptual notion of âthird spaceâ to propose that the secondgeneration returnees occupy a fourth socio-cultural space that is distinct from German society, Turkish society and the Turkish immigrant community in Germany
A discrete contact model for crowd motion
The aim of this paper is to develop a crowd motion model designed to handle
highly packed situations. The model we propose rests on two principles: We
first define a spontaneous velocity which corresponds to the velocity each
individual would like to have in the absence of other people; The actual
velocity is then computed as the projection of the spontaneous velocity onto
the set of admissible velocities (i.e. velocities which do not violate the
non-overlapping constraint). We describe here the underlying mathematical
framework, and we explain how recent results by J.F. Edmond and L. Thibault on
the sweeping process by uniformly prox-regular sets can be adapted to handle
this situation in terms of well-posedness. We propose a numerical scheme for
this contact dynamics model, based on a prediction-correction algorithm.
Numerical illustrations are finally presented and discussed.Comment: 22 page
On green routing and scheduling problem
The vehicle routing and scheduling problem has been studied with much
interest within the last four decades. In this paper, some of the existing
literature dealing with routing and scheduling problems with environmental
issues is reviewed, and a description is provided of the problems that have
been investigated and how they are treated using combinatorial optimization
tools
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