116 research outputs found

    ๋‹ค์ธต๋ ˆ์ด์–ด ๋„คํŠธ์›Œํฌ ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง€๋Š” ์„ ํ˜• ์‹œ๋ถˆ๋ณ€ ๋‹ค๊ฐœ์ฒด ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์˜ ์ƒํƒœ์ผ์น˜

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    ํ•™์œ„๋…ผ๋ฌธ (๋ฐ•์‚ฌ) -- ์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ๋Œ€ํ•™์› : ๊ณต๊ณผ๋Œ€ํ•™ ์ „๊ธฐยท์ •๋ณด๊ณตํ•™๋ถ€, 2021. 2. ์‹ฌํ˜•๋ณด.์ „ํ†ต์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋‹ค ๊ฐœ์ฒด ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์˜ ์ƒํƒœ ์ผ์น˜ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋Š” ํ•œ ๊ฐ€์ง€์˜ ๋„คํŠธ์›Œํฌ ์ƒ์—์„œ ํ•œ ๊ฐ€์ง€์˜ ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ์ฃผ๊ณ ๋ฐ›๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ ์ฃผ๋กœ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ตœ๊ทผ์—๋Š” ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๊ฐ€์ •์€ ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋ณต์žกํ•œ ์ƒํ˜ธ์ž‘์šฉ์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๋Š” ๋ฐ ํ•œ๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์ ‘๊ทผ๋ฒ•์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ์ƒํ™ฉ์ด๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์—์„œ๋Š” ๊ฐ ๊ฐœ์ฒด๊ฐ€ ์„œ๋กœ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ์„œ๋กœ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋„คํŠธ์›Œํฌ ์ƒ์—์„œ ์ฃผ๊ณ ๋ฐ›๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๋ฅผ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๊ด€๊ณ„๋ฅผ ํ‘œํ˜„ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋‹ค์ธต๋ ˆ์ด์–ด ๋„คํŠธ์›Œํฌ (multilayer network)๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฐœ๋…์„ ๋„์ž…ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ด๋•Œ ๋™์ ์ธ ์ œ์–ด๊ธฐ๋กœ ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์„ฑ์ด ์—†๋Š” ๋„คํŠธ์›Œํฌ์—์„œ ์ƒํƒœ ์ผ์น˜๋ฅผ ์ด๋ฃจ๋Š” ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ํ•„์š”์ถฉ๋ถ„์กฐ๊ฑด์„ ์ œ์‹œํ•œ๋‹ค. ํŠนํžˆ ์ œ์‹œํ•œ ์กฐ๊ฑด์€ ๊ทธ๋ž˜ํ”„ ์ด๋ก ์ ์ธ ์กฐ๊ฑด๊ณผ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ ์ด๋ก ์ ์ธ ์กฐ๊ฑด์„ ๊ฒฐํ•ฉํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, ํ†ต์‹  ๋„คํŠธ์›Œํฌ์™€ ์ฃผ๊ณ ๋ฐ›๋Š” ์ •๋ณด์˜ ์ƒํ˜ธ์ž‘์šฉ์„ ๊ฐ•์กฐํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋” ๋‚˜์•„๊ฐ€ ์ œ์‹œํ•œ ์กฐ๊ฑด์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์„ฑ์ด ์—†๋Š” ๋„คํŠธ์›Œํฌ์ƒ์—์„œ ์ƒํƒœ ์ผ์น˜๋ฅผ ์ด๋ฃจ๋Š” ๊ด€์ธก๊ธฐ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜ ๋™์  ์ œ์–ด๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์ œ์‹œํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ฃผ์š” ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋Š” ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์„ฑ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๋„คํŠธ์›Œํฌ ์ƒ์—์„œ ์ถœ๋ ฅ ์ผ์น˜๋ฅผ ์ด๋ฃจ๋Š” ๋ฌธ์ œ๋กœ ํ™•์žฅํ•œ๋‹ค. ์•„์‰ฝ๊ฒŒ๋„ ์ด ์ƒํ™ฉ์—์„œ๋Š” ์ œ์‹œํ•œ ์กฐ๊ฑด์€ ๋” ์ด์ƒ ํ•„์š”์ถฉ๋ถ„์กฐ๊ฑด์ด ๋˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ•˜๋ฉฐ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์–ด๋ ค์›€๋“ค์„ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์˜ˆ์ œ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด์„œ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•œ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿผ์—๋„ ๋ถˆ๊ตฌํ•˜๊ณ , ๊ฐœ์ฒด์˜ ๋™์—ญํ•™์— ์ถ”๊ฐ€์ ์ธ ์กฐ๊ฑด์„ ๊ฐ€ํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์จ ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์„ฑ์ด ์—†๋Š” ๋„คํŠธ์›Œํฌ์—์„œ ํ•„์š”์ถฉ๋ถ„์กฐ๊ฑด์„ ํšŒ๋ณตํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์„ฑ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๋„คํŠธ์›Œํฌ์—์„œ ์ถœ๋ ฅ ์ผ์น˜ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ํ‘ธ๋Š” ์ถฉ๋ถ„์กฐ๊ฑด์„ ์ œ์‹œํ•˜๊ณ  ์ด๋ฅผ ์ด๋ฃจ๋Š” ์ œ์–ด๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์ œ์•ˆํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์˜ ํšจ์šฉ์„ฑ์€ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์ ์šฉ ์˜ˆ์ œ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ๋ณด์ธ๋‹ค. ์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ๋กœ ๋ถ„์‚ฐ ๊ด€์ธก ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ๋‹ค์ธต ๋ ˆ์ด์–ด ๋„คํŠธ์›Œํฌ ์ƒ์˜ ์ƒํƒœ ์ผ์น˜ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋กœ ํ‘œํ˜„ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ œ์‹œ๋œ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋ฉด ์ฃผ๋ณ€ ๊ฐœ์ฒด์™€์˜ ํ†ต์‹ ๋Ÿ‰์„ ๊ธฐ์กด ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋“ค ๋ณด๋‹ค ์ค„์ด๋Š” ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๋ถ„์‚ฐ ๊ด€์ธก๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์ œ์‹œํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋‘๋ฒˆ์งธ๋กœ ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ด ํŽธ๋Œ€ ์ œ์–ด ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ํ‘ผ๋‹ค. ํŠนํžˆ, ์›ํ•˜๋Š” ํŽธ๋Œ€์˜ ๋ชจ์–‘์ด ๊ฐœ์ฒด์˜ ์ƒ๋Œ€์ ์ธ ์œ„์น˜์™€ ์ƒ๋Œ€์ ์ธ ๊ฐ๋„๋กœ ์ฃผ์–ด์ง„ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๋ฅผ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ œ์‹œํ•œ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์›ํ•˜๋Š” ํŽธ๋Œ€๋ฅผ ์ด๋ฃจ๋Š” ๋™์  ์ œ์–ด๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์ œ์‹œํ•˜์˜€๊ณ , ํŽธ๋Œ€์˜ ํฌ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์œ ๊ธฐ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์กฐ์ ˆํ•˜๋Š” ์•Œ๊ณ ๋ฆฌ์ฆ˜์„ ์ œ์‹œํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰์œผ๋กœ ๋‹ค์ธต ๋ ˆ์ด์–ด ๋„คํŠธ์›Œํฌ๋ฅผ ๋ถ„์‚ฐ ์ตœ์ ํ™” ๋ฌธ์ œ์— ์ ์šฉ์„ ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ด๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ๋งค์‹œ๊ฐ„ ๊ฒฐ์ • ๋ณ€์ˆ˜์˜ ์ผ๋ถ€๋ถ„๋งŒ์„ ํ†ต์‹ ํ•˜๋Š” ํ†ต์‹ ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋” ํšจ์œจ์ ์ธ ์•Œ๊ณ ๋ฆฌ์ฆ˜์„ ์ œ์‹œํ•œ๋‹ค.Traditionally, the consensus of multi-agent systems is often studied by assuming that there is a single network consisting of a single type of interaction. Recently, such an assumption is being challenged due to its limitation in representing more complex interactions. In this thesis, we consider the case where each agent is interacting using multiple, different types of output information. In order to model such interactions, the concept of a multilayer graph is employed. A novel necessary and sufficient condition is proposed for the existence of a dynamic coupling law to achieve state consensus for a multi-agent system over an undirected network. Specifically, the proposed condition couples graph theoretic conditions with system theoretic conditions and highlights the interplay between the communication network and information exchange between agents. Furthermore, based on the proposed condition, an observer-based dynamic controller is designed to achieve state consensus over an undirected network. The main results are then extended to output consensus problem over a directed network. Unfortunately, the proposed conditions are no longer necessary and sufficient and the challenge is illustrated through various examples. Nevertheless, additional assumptions are made on the dynamics of the agent to recover the equivalence for output consensus over the undirected multilayer network. A sufficient condition is also given for output consensus problem over the directed network and the corresponding controller design is presented. The effectiveness of the work is shown by a series of applications of the main results. First, the distributed state estimation problem is formulated into a consensus problem over a multilayer network. The proposed approach allowed us to develop a novel design for a distributed observer that communicates less information with its neighbors compared to existing designs. Secondly, the main results are applied to the formation control problem. Specifically, we consider the case when the desired formation is given by a combination of relative positional constraint and bearing constraint. Using the proposed approach, a dynamic controller is designed to achieve the desired formation while organically scaling the overall size of the formation. Finally, a multilayer network is also applied to the distributed optimization problem. Through multilayer networks, a communication-efficient algorithm is proposed which only communicates a part of the decision vector at each time instant.ABSTRACT i List of Figures ix List of Tables ix Notation and Symbols xi 1 Introduction 1 1.1 Research Background 1 1.2 Contributions and Outline of Dissertation 7 2 Preliminaries on Graph Theory and Convex Optimization 13 2.1 Graph Theory and Consensus Problem 13 2.1.1 Basic Definitions 13 2.1.2 Connectedness of the Graph 14 2.1.3 Laplacian Matrix and Its Properties 17 2.2 Multilayer Graph Theory 22 2.3 Convex Optimization 24 2.3.1 Convex Functions and Useful Properties 24 2.3.2 Optimization Algorithms 28 3 Consensus Problem over the Multilayer Network 41 3.1 Problem Formulation 41 3.2 A Necessary and Sufficient Condition for State Consensus 45 3.3 Proof of Necessity 51 3.4 Proof of Sufficiency 58 3.4.1 Additional Considerations for the Controllers 63 4 Extension to Output Consensus over Directed Network 67 4.1 Necessary Conditions for the Output Consensus Problem 67 4.2 Challenges for the Output Consensus over Directed Networks 71 4.3 Controller Design for the Output Consensus Problem 74 4.3.1 Controller Design under System Theoretic Constraint 74 4.3.2 Controller Design under Information Structural Constraint 82 4.4 Static Output Diffusive Coupling 84 4.5 Summary of Results 86 4.5.1 Comparison with Single-layer Consensus Problem 86 4.5.2 Relation between Necessary and Sufficient Conditions 87 5 Application to the Distributed State Estimation Problem 89 5.1 Problem Formulation 89 5.2 Distributed State Estimation over Static Network 92 5.2.1 Design Procedures 100 5.3 Distributed State Estimation over Switching Network 103 5.4 Simulation Results 111 6 Application to the Formation Control Problem 115 6.1 Problem Formulation 115 6.2 Formation Control Problem using Multilayer Network 117 6.3 Simulation Results 119 6.3.1 Achieving a Static Formation 119 6.3.2 Scaling Formation via Multilayer Network 123 7 Application to the Distributed Optimization Problem 127 7.1 Problem Formulation 127 7.2 Distributed PI Algorithm 129 7.2.1 Distributed PI Algorithm under Static Network 129 7.2.2 State Transformation for Analysis 132 7.3 Convergence Analysis for the PI Algorithm 136 7.3.1 Convergence with Weak Coupling 136 7.3.2 Convergence with Strong Coupling 139 7.3.3 Convergence under Fast Switching 153 7.4 Construction of Distributed Algorithms 158 7.4.1 Distributed Gradient Descent Method 158 7.4.2 Distributed Heavy-ball Method 160 7.4.3 Distributed Heavy-ball Method with Cyclic Coordinate Descent 166 7.5 Numerical Experiments 170 7.5.1 Distributed PI Algorithm 170 7.5.2 Distributed Heavy-ball Algorithm 172 7.6 Remark on the Study of Continuous-time Algorithms 175 8 Conclusions and Further Issues 177 APPENDIX 183 A.1 Technical Lemmas 183 A.2 Comparisons with Existing Consensus Problems 185 A.2.1 Consensus Problem of Homogeneous Agents over Singlelayer Network 186 A.2.2 Consensus Problem of Heterogeneous Agents over Singlelayer Network 188 A.2.3 Consensus Problem over Matrix-weighted Network 190 A.3 Detectability Interpretation of the Necessary Conditions 191 BIBLIOGRAPHY 195 ๊ตญ๋ฌธ์ดˆ๋ก 209Docto
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