3 research outputs found
From Freud's unconscious to Lacan's subject : identification from Freud to Lacan via Conté
The thesis starts with the question: 'Does there exist a subject in Freud?' and looks for answers first in Freud's early formulations of the psychical apparatus in the 'Project (1895), 'Letter 52' to Fliess (1896), then Chapter VII of 'The Interpretation of Dreams' (1900), that is his first topography. The answer confirms our claim that there exists a subject in Freud, that it is unconscious and that it is largely included in and concealed by the Freudian term of 'ego' (Ich). In Chapter 2, our claim is carried forward through the second period of Freud's work to another aspect of Ich, not as unconscious, but as the narcissistic ego. Freud's introduction to the theory of narcissism (1914c) highlighted the dimension of ego as a libidinal object and its role in psychosis. The metapsychological papers, 'Drives and their Vicissitudes' (1915c), 'Repression' (1915d) and 'The Unconscious' (1915e) proved on the other hand that Freud had not abandoned his research on the structural, the symbolic dimension of the ego (Ich). In Chapter 3 the thesis focuses on two particular aspects of Freudian metapsychology, the structure of the ideals and identification. The sub-claim here is that identification in Freud is not simply an imaginary process involving regression from love, but also a particular substructure of the 'ego'. We develop this claim through the study of 'Group Psychology' (1921c) and Freud's second topography in the 'Ego and the Id' (1923b). In Chapter 4, we present a post-Freudian, object relations, view of the psychical structure, that is D. Lagache's : 'Psychoanalysis and Personality's Structure' (1958) and Lacan's own counter-presentation of the psychical structure as an 'Optical Schema' (1958), named after a model he adapted from experimental 19th century physics. In Chapter 5, we present Lacan's largely unknown theory of identification, as he developed it in Seminar IX Identification(1961-1962), first the identification of the subject to the signifier, then to object a. This supports our final claim that the formalization of object a and the status of the Real were first developed in Seminar IX, which is before Seminars Book X and XI. In Chapter 6, we present two major contributions by C. Conté , 'The Splitting of the Subject and his Identification'(1970) and 'Topological Surfaces' (1993) which lead us to conclude that Topology and the Real are the areas of research most suited to contemporary psychoanalysis which only now begin to show their relevance.EThOS - Electronic Theses Online ServiceGBUnited Kingdo
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Combustion 2000
This report is a presentation of work carried out on Phase II of the HIPPS program under DOE contract DE-AC22-95PC95144 from June 1995 to March 2001. The objective of this report is to emphasize the results and achievements of the program and not to archive every detail of the past six years of effort. These details are already available in the twenty-two quarterly reports previously submitted to DOE and in the final report from Phase I. The report is divided into three major foci, indicative of the three operational groupings of the program as it evolved, was restructured, or overtaken by events. In each of these areas, the results exceeded DOE goals and expectations. HIPPS Systems and Cycles (including thermodynamic cycles, power cycle alternatives, baseline plant costs and new opportunities) HITAF Components and Designs (including design of heat exchangers, materials, ash management and combustor design) Testing Program for Radiative and Convective Air Heaters (including the design and construction of the test furnace and the results of the tests) There are several topics that were part of the original program but whose importance was diminished when the contract was significantly modified. The elimination of the subsystem testing and the Phase III demonstration lessened the relevance of subtasks related to these efforts. For example, the cross flow mixing study, the CFD modeling of the convective air heater and the power island analysis are important to a commercial plant design but not to the R&D product contained in this report. These topics are of course, discussed in the quarterly reports under this contract. The DOE goal for the High Performance Power Plant System ( HIPPS ) is high thermodynamic efficiency and significantly reduced emissions. Specifically, the goal is a 300 MWe plant with > 47% (HHV) overall efficiency and {le} 0.1 NSPS emissions. This plant must fire at least 65% coal with the balance being made up by a premium fuel such as natural gas. To achieve these objectives requires a change from complete reliance of coal-fired systems on steam turbines (Rankine cycles) and moving forward to a combined cycle utilizing gas turbines (Brayton cycles) which offer the possibility of significantly greater efficiency. This is because gas turbine cycles operate at temperatures well beyond current steam cycles, allowing the working fluid (air) temperature to more closely approach that of the major energy source, the combustion of coal. In fact, a good figure of merit for a HIPPS design is just how much of the enthalpy from coal combustion is used by the gas turbine. The efficiency of a power cycle varies directly with the temperature of the working fluid and for contemporary gas turbines the optimal turbine inlet temperature is in the range of 2300-2500 F (1260-1371 C). These temperatures are beyond the working range of currently available alloys and are also in the range of the ash fusion temperature of most coals. These two sets of physical properties combine to produce the major engineering challenges for a HIPPS design. The UTRC team developed a design hierarchy to impose more rigor in our approach. Once the size of the plant had been determined by the choice of gas turbine and the matching steam turbine, the design process of the High Temperature Advanced Furnace (HITAF) moved ineluctably to a down-fired, slagging configuration. This design was based on two air heaters: one a high temperature slagging Radiative Air Heater (RAH) and a lower temperature, dry ash Convective Air Heater (CAH). The specific details of the air heaters are arrived at by an iterative sequence in the following order:-Starting from the overall Cycle requirements which set the limits for the combustion and heat transfer analysis-The available enthalpy determined the range of materials, ceramics or alloys, which could tolerate the temperatures-Structural Analysis of the designs proved to be the major limitation-Finally the commercialization issues of fabrication and reliability, availability and maintenance. The program that has sought to develop and implement these HIPPS designs is outlined below