The effects of a soccer match on muscle damage indicators

During a soccer match players perform a substantial number of explosive activities such as jumps, duels, shots and dribblings, accelerations, decelerations, changes of direction and sprints. Precisely such repetitive eccentric contractions are related to muscle damage (exercise-induced muscle damage) that is, two or three days after the match, clinically presented as muscle soreness. The aim of this research was to identify the changes in muscle damage indicators in young players after playing a soccer game. The sample of examinees was composed of 43 soccer players (16.8±1.06 years) who were divided into two groups according to their age (22 cadets aged 15.86±0.35 years and 21 U19 players aged 17.76±0.54 years). Each group played one soccer game lasting 90 minutes each. Right before and immediately after the soccer match, examinees venous blood samples were taken in order to determine the markers of muscle damage. All statistical analyses were conducted by the SPSS software. The examinees demonstrated significantly higher values of myoglobin, creatine kinase, lactate dehydrogenase, aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase and gamma-glutamyl-transferase after the game, as well as total number of leukocytes and concentration of C-reactive protein as indicators of inflammation. The results of this research showed that, as the muscle protein concentration was increased and an inflammatory reaction also occurred, soccer matches caused muscle damage in young players

Povezanost intenziteta aktivnosti i biljega oksidacijskoga stresa u nogometaša [Association between activity intensity and oxidative stress biomarkers in football players]

The aim of this research was to analyse the changes in the values of oxidative stress markers caused by a soccer game (malondialdehyde (MDA), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and total antioxidant status (TAS)) in adolescent soccer players in order to determine the correlation between oxidative stress markers and player positions, as well as with the intensity of the activities during a soccer match. 44 examinees, aged 16.8, played two soccer matches. The examinees were equipped with pulse meters and GPS devices which were used to estimate the intensity during the games, while blood samples were taken for analysis of markers right before and immediately after the games. A statistically significant correlation was determined only in the changes of TAS and MDA concentrations with regard to the percentage of the average heart rate during the game in relation to the heart rate measured at the lactate threshold, as well as between the changes of GPx activity and the percentage of time spent by running at a speed between 5–8 km/h . There were no statistically significant differences determined in the changes of concentrations of any other measured markers between various player positions. Based on the obtained results, the conclusion can be made that the intensity during a soccer game is not the only factor in the creation and occurrence of oxidative stress

Comparison of immunohematological profile between endurance- and power-oriented elite athletes

There is general perception that elite athletes are highly susceptible to changes in immunohematological profile. The objective of this study was to compare immunohematological parameters of elite athletes of different aerobic and muscular strength sports and analyze changes over 2 months. Sixteen judoists and 14 swimmers were evaluated 2 months before (M1) and immediately prior to competition (M2). Hemogram and lymphocytes subpopulations were assessed with automatic counter and flow cytometry, respectively. Judoists had higher neutrophils and lower monocytes and eosinophils percentages than swimmers at M1 and M2. At M2 judoists had lower red blood cells (RBC), hemoglobin, and hematocrit than swimmers. At M2 judoists' hematocrit and CD16 decreased while swimmers' hemoglobin and hematocrit increased. In conclusion, neither sports characteristics nor intense training seem to displace the athletes' immunohematological profile out of the clinical range, despite the possibility of occurrence of microlesions that may stimulate production of leukocytes and reduction of RBC in judoists.Les athlètes d’élite seraient, selon l’impression générale, très prédisposés aux changements du profil immunohématologique. Cette étude a pour objectif de comparer les paramètres immunohématologiques d’athlètes d’élite de divers sports a` dominante aérobie et de force musculaire et d’analyser les changements en deux mois. On évalue 16 judokas et 14 nageurs 2 mois avant (M1) et immédiatement avant la compétition (M2). On évalue l’hémogramme et les sous-populations de lymphocytes par comptage automatique et cytométrie en flux, respectivement. À M1 et M2, les judokas présentent un plus haut pourcentage de neutrophiles et un plus faible pourcentage de monocytes et d’éosinophiles que les nageurs. À M2, les judokas ont moins de globules rouges, d’hémoglobine et un plus faible hématocrite que les nageurs. À M2, l’hématocrite et le nombre de CD16 des judokas diminuent alors que, chez les nageurs, l’hémoglobine et l’hématocrite augmentent. En conclusion, les caractéristiques du sport et l’entraînement intensif ne semblent pas déplacer le profil immunohématologique des athlètes a` l’écart des valeurs cliniques, et ce, malgré la possibilité de l’occurrence de microlésions pouvant stimuler la production de leucocytes et la diminution des globules rouges chez les judokas. [Traduit par la Rédaction]José P. Morgado and Catarina N. Matias were supported by the Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology (SFRH/BD/48211/2008 and SFRH/BD/61520/2009, respectively).info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Background Examples of Literature Searches on Topics of Interest

A zip file of various literature searches & some resources related to our work related to exposure after the Chernobyl accident and as we began looking at helping in Semey Kazakhstan----a collection of literature reviews on various topics we were interested in... eg. establishing a registry of those exposed for longterm follow-up, what we knew about certain areas like genetics and some resources like A Guide to Environmental Resources on the Internet by Carol Briggs-Erickson and Toni Murphy which could be found on the Internet and was written to be used by researchers, environmentalists, teachers and any person who is interested in knowing and doing something about the health of our planet. See more at https://archives.library.tmc.edu/dm-ms211-012-0060