Green Hybrid Satellite Terrestrial Networks: Fundamental Trade-Off Analysis

With the worldwide evolution of 4G generation and revolution in the information and communications technology(ICT) field to meet the exponential increase of mobile data traffic in the 2020 era, the hybrid satellite and terrestrial network based on the soft defined features is proposed from a perspective of 5G. In this paper, an end-to-end architecture of hybrid satellite and terrestrial network under the control and user Plane (C/U) split concept is studied and the performances are analysed based on stochastic geometry. The relationship between spectral efficiency (SE) and energy efficiency (EE) is investigated, taking consideration of overhead costs, transmission and circuit power, backhaul of gateway (GW), and density of small cells. Numerical results show that, by optimizing the key parameters, the hybrid satellite and terrestrial network can achieve nearly 90% EE gain with only 3% SE loss in relative dense networks, and achieve both higher EE and SE gain (20% and 5% respectively) in sparse networks toward the future 5G green communication networks

Internetworking satellite and local exchange networks for personal communications applications

The demand for personal communications services has shown unprecedented growth, and the next decade and beyond promise an era in which the needs for ubiquitous, transparent and personalized access to information will continue to expand in both scale and scope. The exchange of personalized information is growing from two-way voice to include data communications, electronic messaging and information services, image transfer, video, and interactive multimedia. The emergence of new land-based and satellite-based wireless networks illustrates the expanding scale and trend toward globalization and the need to establish new local exchange and exchange access services to meet the communications needs of people on the move. An important issue is to identify the roles that satellite networking can play in meeting these new communications needs. The unique capabilities of satellites, in providing coverage to large geographic areas, reaching widely dispersed users, for position location determination, and in offering broadcast and multicast services, can complement and extend the capabilities of terrestrial networks. As an initial step in exploring the opportunities afforded by the merger of satellite-based and land-based networks, several experiments utilizing the NASA ACTS satellite and the public switched local exchange network were undertaken to demonstrate the use of satellites in the delivery of personal communications services

Analysis of LTE based an Antenna Design for 5G Communications

As the world progresses towards the next generation of communications networks, new technological solutions, architectures and standards are urgently required. This evolution of communications networks will facilitate numerous convincing business and consumer applications and speed up large investments in network infrastructure, appliances and devices. Wireless technologies of the last generation, 5G networks, promise an era of all-round, secure and powerful radio network. The use of 5G technology extends beyond traditional telecoms, and includes extremely low latencies, high energy efficiency or comprehensive Gbps. This paper also accurately includes 5G requirements and antenna categorization accompanied by a comparative study of various antenna designs. The various researchers have previously suggested several 5G antenna designs, but an exhaustive examination using their performance improvement system of the various types of 5G antenna has not yet been completed. We thus tried to examine the various types of 5G antenna design, their mechanisms for improving performance, comparisons and possible worldwide breakthroughs