Drone Navigation in Polar and Cryospheric Regions

Aerial and underwater drones present a paradigm shift away from the long term use of manned airplanes, helicopters and mini-submarines. This is evident from the number of scientific research articles that focus on research data obtained with drones. For instance, a special edition of the International Journal of Remote Sensing consists of 65 articles focused solely on aerial drone research (Remote Sensing, Vol 38, 2017). A second special edition consists of another 36 aerial drone articles (Remote Sensing, Vol 39, 2018). While less prevalent, underwater drones are also playing an ever increasing role in scientific research and proving to be effective contributors in many contexts (Harris, 2018; Zhou et al 2019). For example, if a typical daily drop camera productivity rate is 700 images per day, underwater drones can already achieve 15,000 images per day (Smale et al 2012). This study predominantly examines the use of aerial drones at high latitudes and in cryospheric regions. The study aims to provide insights into the navigation accuracy of Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSSs) use for drones, and the accuracy levels of drone positioning data achieved by GNSS augmentation. Currently, drone use in the global polar and cryospheric community is limited, and there is a scarcity of data on drone GNSS navigation and augmented measurements. The drone use survey in this study attempted to gain insights on general GNSS accuracy and augmented GNSS. The drone survey data obtained is the first representative sample from this close-knit community across the specialisms of climatology, ecology, geology, geomorphology, geophysics and oceanography. The drone survey data revealed that many different combinations of augmentation were used to obtain sub-metre and even sub-decimetre accuracy

APPLICATION OF AN ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE-ENABLED REAL-TIME WARGAMING SYSTEM FOR NAVAL TACTICAL OPERATIONS

The Navy is taking advantage of advances in computational technologies and data analytic methods to automate and enhance tactical decisions to support warfighters in highly complex combat environments. Novel automated techniques offer opportunities for tactical warfighter support through enhanced situational awareness, automated reasoning and problem-solving, and faster decision timelines. This capstone project investigated the use of artificial Intelligence and game theory to develop real-time wargaming capabilities to enhance warfighters in their ability to explore and evaluate the possible consequences of different tactical COAs to improve tactical missions. This project applied a systems analysis approach and developed a conceptual design of a wargaming real-time Artificial Intelligence decision-aid (WRAID) system capability to support the future tactical warfighter. An operational scenario was developed and used to conduct an operational analysis of the WRAID capability. The project identified requirements for the future WRAID capabilities and studied implementation challenges (including ethical) that will need to be addressedNPS Naval Research ProgramThis project was funded in part by the NPS Naval Research Program.Civilian, DoD, NUWCNPTCivilian, Department of the NavyCivilian, Department of the NavyCivilian, Department of the NavyApproved for public release. Distribution is unlimited

News Or Speculation? A Comparative Content Analysis Of Headlines And The Prevalence Of Speculative Language In Corporate And Independently Owned Newspapers

This study began with the question of whether the press is conveying messages that contain speculation of future events as opposed to the recounting of current events. Speculative language is a form of subjective speech and as such its presence in press content defies the journalist principle of objectivity. The analysis sought to identify two newspaper\u27s use of speculative language within headlines in the news sections. Two other variables considered were article placement, and the ownership structure of the news organizations. Previous research supports the claim that the ownership structure of an organization can influence the content it publishes (Lacy, 1986). With this in mind, the study attempted to determine if these variables have an affect on the nature or frequency of speculative language in news content. The researcher explored the question of speculative language in the press by analyzing headlines from the A (Main) and Local sections from two Florida newspapers, the corporately owned Orlando Sentinel and the independent St. Petersburg Times. The researcher chose to study headlines because they convey the newsworthiness of the story and former research confirms that reader perceptions of a news account can depend on the headline (Pfau, 1995; Tannenbaum, 1953). The aim was to comparatively study the news headlines through quantitative content analysis of the language used

NASA thesaurus. Volume 1: Hierarchical Listing

There are over 17,000 postable terms and nearly 4,000 nonpostable terms approved for use in the NASA scientific and technical information system in the Hierarchical Listing of the NASA Thesaurus. The generic structure is presented for many terms. The broader term and narrower term relationships are shown in an indented fashion that illustrates the generic structure better than the more widely used BT and NT listings. Related terms are generously applied, thus enhancing the usefulness of the Hierarchical Listing. Greater access to the Hierarchical Listing may be achieved with the collateral use of Volume 2 - Access Vocabulary and Volume 3 - Definitions

NASA Thesaurus. Volume 1: Hierarchical listing

There are 16,713 postable terms and 3,716 nonpostable terms approved for use in the NASA scientific and technical information system in the Hierarchical Listing of the NASA Thesaurus. The generic structure is presented for many terms. The broader term and narrower term relationships are shown in an indented fashion that illustrates the generic structure better than the more widely used BT and NT listings. Related terms are generously applied, thus enhancing the usefulness of the Hierarchical Listing. Greater access to the Hierarchical Listing may be achieved with the collateral use of Volume 2 - Access Vocabulary

Aeronautical engineering: A continuing bibliography with indexes (supplement 202)

This bibliography lists 447 reports, articles and other documents introduced into the NASA scientific and technical information system in June 1986

NASA Tech Briefs, December 1988

This month's technical section includes forecasts for 1989 and beyond by NASA experts in the following fields: Integrated Circuits; Communications; Computational Fluid Dynamics; Ceramics; Image Processing; Sensors; Dynamic Power; Superconductivity; Artificial Intelligence; and Flow Cytometry. The quotes provide a brief overview of emerging trends, and describe inventions and innovations being developed by NASA, other government agencies, and private industry that could make a significant impact in coming years. A second bonus feature in this month's issue is the expanded subject index that begins on page 98. The index contains cross-referenced listings for all technical briefs appearing in NASA Tech Briefs during 1988

The media’s representation of airplane disasters: An analysis of themes, language and moving images

This thesis examines the representation of airplane disasters in broadcast news. Although airplane incidents tend to receive a disproportionate amount of media coverage, research is lacking in journalism studies and disaster communication on how these disasters are reported in traditional mainstream media and broadcast news. These news sources are dominant in the UK and, given the extensive coverage attributed to airplane disasters, have the power to shape our understanding of the incidents. By drawing on relevant concepts from the academic literature, this thesis establishes that the representation of airplane disasters can be understood through several key features: media interest, the topics of the broadcasts, the causes and responses to the incidents, emotionality and ‘suffering’, safety and risk, uncertainty, ignorance and speculation as well as different types of visuals. The findings contribute to knowledge in journalism studies and disaster communication more generally as they refine our understanding of the concepts of speculation, emotionality and risk, and the visuals of television news. The research also suggests that there may be a shift in television news from traditional journalism to a more narrative form of reporting, which produces compelling coverage in line with ideals to ‘objectivity’ and truthtellin