Collaborative extreme learning machine with a confidence interval for P2P learning in healthcare

In modern e-healthcare systems, medical institutions can provide more reliable diagnoses by introducing Machine-Learning (ML)-based classifiers. These ML classifiers are frequently trained with huge numbers of patients data to keep updated with new diseases and changes in current disease patterns. To increase the accuracy in prediction process, Peer-to-Peer (P2P) learning systems have been explored by many stud- ies by which medical institutions can share their data with others: the more data are available, the more accurate the predictions. However, the traditional P2P network system requires much time in which the training data are shared among the nodes in the network. The system also spends much time on learning from samples where the data labels are unknown. Moreover, some nodes may perform certain compu- tations which had already been computed by other nodes, resulting in redundant computations. In this paper, in order to deal with samples having unknown data labels, we propose a Collaborative Extreme Learning Machine (CELM) with a Confidence Interval (CI), which is an enhanced version of the traditional Extreme Learning Machine (ELM). Our proposed model eliminates redundant calculations of the network nodes (the e-healthcare institutions) to improve the learning efficiency, and improves the prediction ac- curacy by considering where plausible predictions lie. The extensive experimental analysis shows that the proposed model is efficient and achieves high accuracy (up to 98%) in diagnosing clinical events by analyzing patients medical records

An intelligent healthcare system with peer-to-peer learning and data assessment

Modern e-healthcare systems are prevalent in many medical institutions to reduce physicians' workload and enhance diagnostic accuracy, which leverages affordable wearable devices and Machine-Learning (ML) techniques. The healthcare systems collect various vital biosignals (e.g., heart rate and blood pressure) from wearable devices of users (e.g., chronic patients living alone at home) and analyze these patients' data in real-time by different ML classifiers (e.g. Support Vector Machine (SVM) or Hidden Markov Model (HMM)). The automatic diagnosis effectively improves the physicians' performance in terms of diagnostic efficiency and accuracy. There are three challenges impacting these healthcare systems -- the increasing number of patients, new diseases and the changes of existing disease patterns, which are caused by population aging as well as the alteration of environment and lifestyle. This research is intended to explore a novel healthcare system with advanced ML solutions that can solve the challenges and exhibit high accuracy and efficiency

Improved Alzheimer’s disease detection by MRI using multimodal machine learning algorithms

Dementia is one of the huge medical problems that have challenged the public health sector around the world. Moreover, it generally occurred in older adults (age > 60). Shockingly, there are no legitimate drugs to fix this sickness, and once in a while it will directly influence individual memory abilities and diminish the human capacity to perform day by day exercises. Many health experts and computing scientists were performing research works on this issue for the most recent twenty years. All things considered, there is an immediate requirement for finding the relative characteristics that can figure out the identification of dementia. The motive behind the works presented in this thesis is to propose the sophisticated supervised machine learning model in the prediction and classification of AD in elder people. For that, we conducted different experiments on open access brain image information including demographic MRI data of 373 scan sessions of 150 patients. In the first two works, we applied single ML models called support vectors and pruned decision trees for the prediction of dementia on the same dataset. In the first experiment with SVM, we achieved 70% of the prediction accuracy of late-stage dementia. Classification of true dementia subjects (precision) is calculated as 75%. Similarly, in the second experiment with J48 pruned decision trees, the accuracy was improved to the value of 88.73%. Classification of true dementia cases with this model was comprehensively done and achieved 92.4% of precision. To enhance this work, rather than single modelling we employed multi-modelling approaches. In the comparative analysis of the machine learning study, we applied the feature reduction technique called principal component analysis. This approach identifies the high correlated features in the dataset that are closely associated with dementia type. By doing the simultaneous application of three models such as KNN, LR, and SVM, it has been possible to identify an ideal model for the classification of dementia subjects. When compared with support vectors, KNN and LR models comprehensively classified AD subjects with 97.6% and 98.3% of accuracy respectively. These values are relatively higher than the previous experiments. However, because of the AD severity in older adults, it should be mandatory to not leave true AD positives. For the classification of true AD subjects among total subjects, we enhanced the model accuracy by introducing three independent experiments. In this work, we incorporated two new models called Naïve Bayes and Artificial Neural Networks along support vectors and KNN. In the first experiment, models were independently developed with manual feature selection. The experimental outcome suggested that KNN 3 is the optimal model solution because of 91.32% of classification accuracy. In the second experiment, the same models were tested with limited features (with high correlation). SVM was produced a high 96.12% of classification accuracy and NB produced a 98.21% classification rate of true AD subjects. Ultimately, in the third experiment, we mixed these four models and created a new model called hybrid type modelling. Hybrid model performance is validated AU-ROC curve value which is 0.991 (i.e., 99.1% of classification accuracy) has achieved. All these experimental results suggested that the ensemble modelling approach with wrapping is an optimal solution in the classification of AD subjects