Co-using Infrastructure for Sustainability in Maritime Transports

Sustainable transportation systems require optimal co-use of infrastructure. Different means of transportation use infrastructure for its operations. At certain points these means of transportation utilizes the same infrastructure, such as e.g. passages on or under bridges, which require co-modal coordination. To create means for such coordination, situational awareness needs to be established among involved actors by digitalization and principles for information sharing. In this short paper, a co-modal transport system, GOTRIS (Göta Älv River Information Services), is used as a basis for a deeper understanding of the challenges for reaching an optimal co-use of infrastructure. By integrating information from maritime transports as one source in this coordination effort, sustainable transportation systems can be reached. This challenge is formulated in a research question and a preferred approach is stated

Digitalization of Sea Transports – Enabling Sustainable Multi-Modal Transports

In todays industries requirements are put upon that the different actors integrate their performance for the purpose of the transportation system as a whole. Door-to-door processes, seamless integration, and multi-modal integration are expressions for such movement where the requirements of the beneficiaries are put at the core. Digitalization could enable such movement. For mid- and long-range transports, sea transports has proven to be a sustainable mean of transport, but it needs to be integrated in a larger transport chain to reach its full effects. In this paper the concept of Sea Traffic Management is introduced as a way to enable integration by an increased degree of digitalization in the shipping industry and further on to the transportation system as a whole. By looking upon sea transports from a multi-organizational point of view and episodic coupling, information sharing processes in which actors’ intentions and performances (states) are shared, has been identified

Different tiers of government in port governance: some general remarks on the institutional geography of ports in Europe and Canada

For the last thirty years, port governance has been marked by a new level of complexity which has resulted in the reshaping of the system of actors involved in the organization of ports. Devolution, which is taking place on most of the world's port ranges has thus altered the public-private division, i.e. the respective roles played by the different tiers of overnment and private operators in operation and regulation functions. There is an abundant literature on this topic, particularly in economics and management and the work of international organizations. This research has cast much light on the new modes of governance and is now attempting to explain how they are linked to port performance Models of port governance frequently consider the "public sector" to be a homogeneous entity and rather less research has examined its variety, i.e. the different categories of public sector actors that run the institutional levels that control the ports. The aim of this paper is thus to provide some insights into this question of the institutional geography of ports by identifying the various tiers of government, the functions they perform and how they are linked with each other in a number of ports. It draws on the main findings of research carried out for the French General Directorate for the Sea and Transport that aimed to shed light on public decision-making and the institutional models applied in port governance in 7 European countries and Canada. It therefore examines port statuses and legislation, supervision, monitoring, management and public finance in order to understand the diversity of the public sector presence in port models that are founded on different institutional geographies.port, governance,institutional geography

MONALISA 2.0 and the sea traffic management - a concept creating the need for new maritime information standards and software solutions

Postprint (published version

Addressing the Passenger Transport and Accessibility Enablers for Sustainable Development

Sustainable Development (SD) is a fundamental objective in the European Union (EU) and transport is considered one of the key challenges necessary to achieve it. Although transport is mostly contested from the environmental dimension, an investigation of peer-reviewed literature along with EU policy documents suggests that the transport and accessibility (T&A) criteria of infrastructure, accessibility distance, and multimodality can positively contribute to SD. However, despite this synergetic relation between T&A and SD, a practical analysis of such enablers is unknown at the regional European level. Therefore, this study investigates the Mediterranean as a study area by analyzing 79 identified passenger ports as passenger transport land-sea interaction points. Based on open access data, port infrastructure and ship accessibility, hinterland accessibility, and multimodality are evaluated as the passenger T&A enablers for SD. Comparative geo-spatial analyses are also carried out among the passenger ports\u2019 levels of enablers by using the data normalization method. These data driven comprehensive analytical results can bring added value to SD policy and planning initiatives in the Mediterranean. This study may also contribute to the development of relevant passenger port performance indicators for boosting port or regional competition and attractiveness towards SD

Futures of automobile industry and challenges on sustainable development and mobility

Portugal had only very few foresight exercises on the automobile sector, and the most recent one was a survey held in a project on work organisation systems in the automobile industry, its recent historical paths and the special strategies of location of companies (the WorTiS project). This involved several teams with different disciplinary backgrounds and from two Portuguese universities. The provisional main results of the first round of a Delphi survey held in Portugal on the automotive sector were already published, but a further analysis was not yet done. This foresight survey was done under the WorTiS project, developed in 2004 by IET – Research Centre on Enterprise and Work Innovation (at FCT-UNL), and financed by the Portuguese Ministry of Science and Technology. Some of this experience on foresight analysis is also been transferred to other projects, namely the WORKS project on work organisation restructuring in the knowledge society that received the support from EC and still is running. The majority of experts considered having an average of less knowledge in almost all the scenario topics presented. This means that information on the automotive industry is not spread enough among academics or experts in related fields (regional scientists, innovation economists, engineers, sociologists). Some have a good knowledge but in very specialised fields. Others have expertise on foresight, or macroeconomics, or management sciences, but feel insecure on issues related with futures of automobile sector. Nevertheless, we considered specially the topics where the experts considered themselves to have some knowledge. There were no “irrelevant” topics considered as such by the expert panel. There are also no topics that are not considered a need for co-operation. The lack of technological infrastructures was not considered as a hindered factor for the accomplishment of any scenario. The experts’ panel considered no other international competence besides US, Japan or Germany in these topics. Special focus will be made in this paper on the topic 2. Public policy and automobile industries, and more specifically on the technological and/or research policies issues, where one can specify the automobile’s role in transport policies with further implications like environment, safety, energy, mobility.automotive industry; scenario; economical co-operation; technology; Delphi survey

Utilizing a transport management system to reduce the carbon footprint of transportation in a global marine and energy technology organization

The importance of sustainable development is constantly growing, and sustainability has be- come a desired characteristic among companies. Today, this is highlighted by various sustaina- bility goals that companies commit to meet the requirements of climate laws and consumers' more ecological choices along with the volume of research conducted on the matter. Companies must consider the carbon footprint of their operations to achieve their aim of lowering emis- sions. Because the transportation industry is one of the largest producers of carbon dioxide emissions worldwide, focusing on it enables huge emission reductions across supply chains. This master's thesis is conducted as a case study for a company. The objective of the thesis is to find out the most effective ways to utilize a transport management system used by the case company to reduce the carbon footprint caused by the transportation of the incoming material flow. The thesis aims to investigate what factors contribute to the carbon footprint of transpor- tation in the case company, how emissions can be measured using a transport management system, and how its utilization affects time, cost, and reliability when choosing more environ- mentally friendly modes of transportation. To achieve these objectives, internal interviews were performed at the case company, and the features of the transport management system were familiarized. The research is a qualitative case study. The theoretical part of the research focuses on the var- ious modes of freight transportation and the related emissions, as well as the functions and role of transport management systems in measuring and controlling emissions from transportation. The objective of the empirical part of the research is to describe the current transportation pro- cesses of the case company and the generation of the carbon footprint of transportation and to examine how the transport management system is currently utilized in the case company. The research methods include a literature review, interviews, and presentations related to the transport management system. The research provided insight into the elements of the carbon footprint of transportation in the case company and the potential for more effective utilization of the transport management sys- tem in measuring and reducing emissions. The main sources of emissions in the case company were discovered to be air freight and road freight transportation. The transport management system has been used to support the transportation process in the background, and the system offers several features that have not yet been fully used, that allow emissions to be measured and decreased when effectively utilized. Data collection and integration with the transport man- agement system make it possible to obtain comparable reports that can be used to guide future strategic choices regarding transportation and transportation providers.Kestävän kehityksen merkitys on jatkuvassa kasvussa ja kestävyydestä on tullut tavoiteltava omi- naisuus yritysten keskuudessa. Tämä korostuu nykypäivänä erilaisilla kestävillä tavoitteilla, joi- hin yritykset sitoutuvat vastatakseen ilmastolakien vaatimuksiin ja kuluttajien ekologisempiin valintoihin, ja aiheesta on tehty myös useita tutkimuksia. Saavuttaakseen päämääränsä päästö- jen vähentämiseksi, yritysten on kiinnitettävä huomiota toimintansa hiilijalanjälkeen. Kuljetus- sektori on yksi suurimmista hiilidioksidipäästöjen aiheuttajista maailmassa ja siksi siihen keskit- tymällä on mahdollista saavuttaa merkittäviäkin päästövähennyksiä toimitusketjuissa. Tämä pro gradu -tutkielma on toteutettu tapaustutkimuksena yritykselle. Tutkielman tavoit- teena on selvittää tehokkaimmat tavat hyödyntää tapausyrityksen käyttämää kuljetustenhallin- tajärjestelmää niin, että on mahdollista pienentää saapuvan materiaalin kuljetuksista syntyvää hiilijalanjälkeä. Lisäksi tavoitteena on tutkia, mistä kuljetusten hiilijalanjälki tapausyrityksessä muodostuu, miten päästöjä on mahdollista mitata kuljetustenhallintajärjestelmän avulla ja mil- laisia vaikutuksia sen hyödyntämisellä on aikaan, kustannuksiin ja luotettavuuteen, kun valitaan ympäristöystävällisempiä kuljetusmuotoja. Näiden tavoitteiden saavuttamiseksi on suoritettu tapausyrityksen sisäisiä haastatteluja sekä perehdytty käytössä olevan kuljetustenhallintajärjes- telmän tarjoamiin ominaisuuksiin. Tutkimus on kvalitatiivinen tapaustutkimus. Tutkimuksen teoreettinen osuus käsittelee rahtikul- jetusten eri muotoja ja niihin liittyviä päästöjä sekä kuljetustenhallintajärjestelmien toimintaa ja roolia kuljetuksista syntyvien päästöjen mittaamisessa ja hallitsemisessa. Tutkielman empiiri- sessä osuudessa on tarkoitus kuvata tapausyrityksen nykyisiä kuljetusprosesseja ja kuljetusten hiilijalanjäljen muodostumista sekä tarkastella, miten kuljetustenhallintajärjestelmää tutkimus- hetkellä hyödynnetään tapausyrityksessä. Tutkielman tiedonkeruumenetelmiä ovat kirjallisuus- katsaus, haastattelut ja kuljetustenhallintajärjestelmään liittyvät esitelmät ja esitysmateriaalit. Tuloksena saatiin näkemys siitä, mistä kuljetusten hiilijalanjälki tapausyrityksessä muodostuu ja tunnistettiin mahdollisuuksia kuljetustenhallintajärjestelmän tehokkaammalle hyödyntämiselle päästöjen mittaamisessa ja vähentämisessä. Tapausyrityksen suurimmiksi päästöjen aiheutta- jiksi kuljetusmuodoista todettiin lentorahti ja maantiekuljetukset. Kuljetustenhallintajärjestel- mää on hyödynnetty tapausyrityksessä kuljetusprosessin taustalla ja järjestelmässä on useita ominaisuuksia, joita ei vielä ole hyödynnetty ja jotka mahdollistavat päästöjen mittaamisen ja vähentämisen, kun niitä hyödynnetään tehokkaasti. Dataa keräämällä ja yhdistämällä sen kulje- tustenhallintajärjestelmään on mahdollista saada vertailukelpoisia raportteja, joiden perusteella tapausyritys voi jatkossa tehdä strategisia päätöksiä kuljetuksiin ja kuljetusyrityksiin liittyen

Reducing greenhouse gas emissions – Examples from the freight transport sector: Essays on economic growth, public policy instruments, and renewable energy.

The overall aim of this thesis is to improve the understanding of if, and how, we can combat climate change and other non-wanted environmental changes alongside economic development. Paper I address this question by investigating the relationship between CO2 emissions and GDP per capita. Using panel data analysis, an N-shaped relationship is found for lower-middle- and high-income countries, indicating that CO2-emissions increase with economic growth beyond a certain income level. However, no significant relationship is found for upper-middle-income countries. The study also shows that increasing the share of renewable energy is crucial for reducing CO2-emissions.Paper III investigate the performance of European public policy instruments promoting a modal shift of freight transports from road to rail and/or water. Performing a literature review, 93 public policies are identified, whereof ex-post evaluations are found for 20. The evaluated policies are mainly subsidies/grants at national level, or EU-policies. Variation in evaluation methods and performance indicators complicates comparisons of policy performance. However, policies promoting rail are in general more successful than those promoting waterborne transport. Common factors for underachievement include lack of applications, outreach problems, and complicated application processes. Furthermore, broad and general policy targets complicate evaluation as well as fulfilment of objectives.Paper II analyse barriers, opportunities, and potential solutions to renewable energy diffusion, focusing on liquefied biogas for heavy trucks. Interviews with experts and stakeholders in Sweden show that main barriers include financial limits, lacking infrastructure, lacking knowledge, and unstable policy instruments. Yet, several policy instruments already target the barriers to LBG diffusion and given current taxes and subsidies, costs of using LBG trucks are only marginally higher than those for using diesel trucks in Sweden. Thus, continuously evaluating policy performance is important

Futures of automobile industry and challenges on sustainable development and mobility

Portugal had only very few foresight exercises on the automobile sector, and the most recent one was a survey held in a project on work organisation systems in the automobile industry, its recent historical paths and the special strategies of location of companies (the WorTiS project). This involved several teams with different disciplinary backgrounds and from two Portuguese universities. The provisional main results of the first round of a Delphi survey held in Portugal on the automotive sector were already published, but a further analysis was not yet done. This foresight survey was done under the WorTiS project, developed in 2004 by IET – Research Centre on Enterprise and Work Innovation (at FCT-UNL), and financed by the Portuguese Ministry of Science and Technology. Some of this experience on foresight analysis is also been transferred to other projects, namely the WORKS project on work organisation restructuring in the knowledge society that received the support from EC and still is running. The majority of experts considered having an average of less knowledge in almost all the scenario topics presented. This means that information on the automotive industry is not spread enough among academics or experts in related fields (regional scientists, innovation economists, engineers, sociologists). Some have a good knowledge but in very specialised fields. Others have expertise on foresight, or macroeconomics, or management sciences, but feel insecure on issues related with futures of automobile sector. Nevertheless, we considered specially the topics where the experts considered themselves to have some knowledge. There were no “irrelevant” topics considered as such by the expert panel. There are also no topics that are not considered a need for co-operation. The lack of technological infrastructures was not considered as a hindered factor for the accomplishment of any scenario. The experts' panel considered no other international competence besides US, Japan or Germany in these topics. Special focus will be made in this paper on the topic 2. Public policy and automobile industries, and more specifically on the technological and/or research policies issues, where one can specify the automobile's role in transport policies with further implications like environment, safety, energy, mobility.automotive industry; scenario; economical co-operation; technology; Delphi survey

Sustainable Supply Chain Solutions – A Case Study Regarding Modifications of an Existing Spare Part Distribution System

The main purpose of the thesis is to provide Syncron with guidelines regarding how to modify their software for logistic planning in order to meet future customer needs. Furthermore, the thesis serves as input to the research project supported by NGIL, named Design and Control of Sustainable Supply Chains. Problem Formulation: Transport costs have not been a significant cost driver in the past, which is why little effort has been spent on optimizing this area. With the predictions regarding new conditions within the transport industry, this will most likely change. To stay competitive, companies might have to focus a lot more on creating sustainable and cost efficient supply chains; sustainable in the sense that logistics are performed in an environmental and competitive way and are well adjusted to the optimal design of the inventory structure. With this in mind, the problem formulation has converged into: What upcoming legislations and other transport related obstacles will have impact on the design of the supply chain? How can Lantmännen Maskin’s supply chain be adapted to the changes in transport related regulations in the sense that it is optimized with respect to environmental as well as economical aspects? With respect to Lantmännen Maskin, what additional costs are associated to new legislations and how much can these costs be reduced, by modifying the supply chain? Methodology: Both quantitative and qualitative data were used in the thesis. Data was collected from primary sources such as, email correspondence with authorities, interviews and a questionnaire, while secondary data was mainly gathered from government publications and other literature. Initially, a comprehensive theoretical framework, Part 1, was built using an analytical approach. Subsequently, a case study, presented in Part 2, was performed with a systems approach in order to obtain material on which to conduct an analysis. The analysis ends in conclusions and recommendations to concerned parties. Theoretical Framework: Part 1 consists of an extensive theoretical base where present and future environmental regulations, such as taxes and fees, have been investigated and discussed. The theoretical framework is completed by a short theory section in the beginning of Part 2. This sectio