Enterprise 4.0 – the emerging digital transformed enterprise?

Information Systems are at the core of all businesses and cover almost all aspects of organizational life. The convergence of computer capabilities, such as the potential to process large volumes of data in a very short time, the growth in Internet usage and the increase in the ability to capture and leverage knowledge in digital format are, in this context, the main enablers of the so called digital transformation of organizations. While the technology enablers allow the production, sharing and management of information and knowledge within the organization between peers and other stakeholders, besides empowering the improvement and innovation of the organizational processes, they also require the updating of the supporting IS. Thus, using technologies in organizations within the context of Digital Transformation (DT) requires an exercise in understanding how to demonstrate their usefulness in relation to the creation, access and sharing of contents and IS improvements in a safe way. This paper provides a comprehensive view of a new context of labour faced within DT of organizations, which we term Enterprise 4.0 and which we propose to be implemented through the m_CSDIT framework, so as to improve the organizational well-being considering the collective intelligence and agility dimensions.Project Management(undefined

Informational Support For Information Systems Governance: The Applicative Cartography Repository

Information systems play a critical role in supporting complex processes in modern organizations Nevertheless, organizations are constantly evolving due to external and internal pressures like regulatory developments, business evolution help organizations, and cost containment. It follows that organizational information systems must be agile in order to be aligned with organizations strategies and help organizations manage continuous change and overcoming problems induced by the pressures of their continuously changing environment. Therefore, agile information systems are a critical resource that modern organizations must govern in order to use it effectively. Many authors have noted in recent years that information systems urbanization is one of the most promising approaches to building agile information systems. The governance of urbanized information systems is a complex activity that requires important resources and a deep understanding of the nature of information systems. In particular, to be effective, urbanized information systems governance requires three types of resources: informational resources, software tools managing informational resources, and human resources using these resources to carry out the urbanized information systems governance activities. The applications cartography repository is among the most important informational resources of urbanized information systems governance. In this paper, we propose framework of applications cartography repository which takes into account both the structural and dynamic of information systems urbanization

Enterprise Engineering and Management at the Crossroads

The article provides an overview of the challenges and the state of the art of the discipline of Enterprise Architecture (EA), with emphasis on the challenges and future development opportunities of the underlying Information System (IS), and its IT implementation, the Enterprise Information System (EIS). The first challenge is to overcome the narrowness of scope of present practice in IS and EA, and re-gain the coverage of the entire business on all levels of management, and a holistic and systemic coverage of the enterprise as an economic entity in its social and ecological environment. The second challenge is how to face the problems caused by complexity that limit the controllability and manageability of the enterprise as a system. The third challenge is connected with the complexity problem, and describes fundamental issues of sustainability and viability. Following from the third, the fourth challenge is to identify modes of survival for systems, and dynamic system architectures that evolve and are resilient to changes of the environment in which they live. The state of the art section provides pointers to possible radical changes to models, methodologies, theories and tools in EIS design and implementation, with the potential to solve these grand challenges.Griffith Sciences, School of Information and Communication TechnologyNo Full Tex

An Exploration of Enterprise Architecture Research

Management of the enterprise architecture has become increasingly recognized as a crucial part of both business and IT management. Still, a common understanding and methodological consistency seems far from being developed. Acknowledging the significant role of research in moving the development process along, this article employs different bibliometric methods, complemented by an extensive qualitative interpretation of the research field, to provide a unique overview of the enterprise architecture literature. After answering our research questions about the collaboration via co-authorships, the intellectual structure of the research field and its most influential works, and the principal themes of research, we propose an agenda for future research based on the findings from the above analyses and their comparison to empirical insights from the literature. In particular, our study finds a considerable degree of co-authorship clustering and a positive impact of the extent of co-authorship on the diffusion of works on enterprise architecture. In addition, this article identifies three major research streams and shows that research to date has revolved around specific themes, while some of high practical relevance receive minor attention. Hence, the contribution of our study is manifold and offers support for researchers and practitioners alike

C-business et urbanisation d'entreprise

Les évolutions permanentes du marché ont forcé la plupart des entreprises à se focaliser sur les processus liés à leur coeur de métier. Ce recentrage les conduit alors soit à externaliser certaines parties de leurs processus, soit former temporairement une association avec d autres partenaires. Ces scénarios de collaboration imposent plusieurs contraintes sur la conception et l organisation du système d information à fin de le rendre facilement adaptable pour suivre les changements au niveau d organisation. Pour que le système d information soit facilement adaptable il est possible de restructurer le système d information en respectant les principes de l urbanisation du système d information couplé par une architecture orienté service, toute fois, cette organisation conduit à des systèmes assez rigides ne donnant pas réellement les capacités d initier des processus collaboratifs. Or, la collaboration impose de prendre en compte les contraintes de sécurité car l approche traditionnelle d urbanisation ne prend pas en considération la possibilité de collaboration et forme des îlots de sécurité ce qui s oppose à la nature transversale de la sécurité. En plus,dans un modèle orienté services, les applications distribuées sur plusieurs site ont peu ou pas de visibilité en matière de l information nécessaires pour assurer la sécurité au nouveau globale. C est dans ce contexte que nous avons proposé d adopter une démarche d urbanisation d entreprise qui promeut une organisation transversale du système de production de l entreprise qui permet une construction incrémentale des processus collaboratifs. Nous sommes parvenus à spécifier un modèle de service industriel construit par regroupement de toutes les fonctions nécessaires autour de la fabrication du produit. Ensuite, nous nous somme proposé de construire un middleware supportant ces services industriels. Cela induit d ajouter un niveau sémantique capable de gérer les propriétés fonctionnelles et non fonctionnelles (qualité de service et sécurité) aux bus de services traditionnels (ESB). Dans le cadre du projet ANR SEMEUSE visant à doter un ESB Open source (PETALS) d un niveau sémantique, notre contribution a plus particulièrement portée sur la spécification et la mise en oeuvre des composants permettant d intégrer de manière contextuelle les politiques de sécuritéMarket evolution has lead most of the enterprise to focus on their core business while setting outsourcing and collaborative strategies to be able to propose the best product-service offers. This Collaborative Business environment challenges Information System (IS) re-organisation to set agile, reactive and interoperable IT supports. To fulfil these requirements, one can reorganise the information system according to the urbanisation paradigm. Coupled to Service Oriented Architecture, this approach provides interoperable information systems. Nevertheless, traditional urbanization strategies lead to a partitioned and rather rigid IS organization aligned on the company s functional structure, which hinders initiating collaborative production processes, since production process is transversal and bypasses all enterprise business areas. To overcome these limits, we propose to adopt a new urbanization strategy that combines the transversal production logic with a service orientation to allow incremental production process building, based on goals to be reached. Despite of the advantages of the collaboration, in the dynamic collaboration scenarios, lack of trust can be a braking force while developing collaborative strategies. To this end, we proposed to integrate security needs and constraints into the definitions of business processes, organizational structure and technical components. Hence, the architecture we propose to implement our enterprise urbanization approach is based on a service-oriented model. We extend the traditional IT service to capture semantics associated to the industrial activity so that an industrial service model is proposed. Then security requirements are added in this model to govern access to different interfaces in a composite service. The implementation of this architecture is achieved using an industrial service bus by adding a security module extended with semantic layer on the top of PEtALS , an open source ESBVILLEURBANNE-DOC'INSA-Bib. elec. (692669901) / SudocSudocFranceF

An Adaptive Framework for Improving the Effectiveness of Virtual Enterprises in the Supply Chain

This thesis describes a research project that develops an adaptive framework for improving the effectiveness of virtual enterprises in the supply chains in Mongolia. The research takes empirical and quantitative approach to study the phenomenon of virtual enterprises. Based on a literature review, the factors that influence organisations to join in virtual enterprises are studied by a higher-order factor analysis. As a result, agility is identified as one of the main benefits organisations can gain by joining a virtual enterprise temporarily and changes in business performance are conceived as the measures of effectiveness. Next, a taxonomy of enterprises is developed with five distinguishing clusters that achieve differing levels of agility and business performance. This study suggests that enterprises that are monitoring changes in their business environment take most advantage of agility and achieve the best levels of performance. These findings then allow an adaptive framework based on common reference architectures to be developed as a main contribution of this study. The framework includes a breeding environment as a ‘pool’ of prepared enterprises with the ability to form temporary collaborations to react responsively, rapidly and effectively to the fast-changing opportunities. A structural equation model was used to examine the model fit with the supporting hypotheses, based on the observed data. Then, a powerful clustered expectation maximisation algorithm was applied to the analysis of the grouped enterprises. Finally, a simulation-based case study was conducted to validate the developed framework. The results provide rich empirical evidence of the beneficial impact of virtual enterprises on agile supply chains. The research provides rich empirical evidence of the beneficial impact of virtual enterprises on agile supply chains. It also provides theoretical and managerial insights that can be used to strengthen the drivers, enablers and capabilities that enhance the effectiveness of virtual enterprises collaboration in agile supply chains that can be translated to a global context. These are major contributions the ‘body of knowledge’ in themselves, but the research also adds usefully to the study of applied research methodologies in the area

Staring down the lion: Uncertainty avoidance and operational risk culture in a tourism organisation

The academic literature is not clear about how uncertainty influences operational risk decision-making. This study, therefore, investigated operational risk-based decision-making in the face of uncertainty in a large African safari tourism organisation by exploring individual and perceived team member approaches to uncertainty. Convenience sampling was used to identify 15 managers across three African countries in three domains of work: safari camp; regional office; and head office. Semi-structured interviews were conducted in which vignettes were incorporated, to which participants responded with their own reactions and decisions to the situations described, as well as with ways they thought other managers would react to these specific operational contexts. The data were transcribed and qualitatively analysed through thematic coding processes. The findings indicated that approaches to uncertainty were influenced by factors including situational context, the availability and communication of information, the level of operational experience, and participants’ roles. Contextual factors alongside diverse individual emotional and cognitive influences were shown to require prudent consideration by safari tourism operators in understanding employee behavioural reactions to uncertain situations. A preliminary model drawn from the findings suggests that, in practice, decision-making in the face of uncertainty is more complex than existing theoretical studies propose. Specifically, the diverse responses anticipated by staff in response to the vignettes could guide safari tourism management towards better handling of risk under uncertainty in remote locations