38,013 research outputs found
Characterizing Nodes and Edges in Dynamic Attributed Networks: A Social-based Approach
How to characterize nodes and edges in dynamic attributed networks based on
social aspects? We address this problem by exploring the strength of the ties
between actors and their associated attributes over time, thus capturing the
social roles of the actors and the meaning of their dynamic interactions in
different social network scenarios. For this, we apply social concepts to
promote a better understanding of the underlying complexity that involves
actors and their social motivations. More specifically, we explore the notion
of social capital given by the strategic positioning of a particular actor in a
social structure by means of the concepts of brokerage, the ability of creating
bridges with diversified patterns, and closure, the ability of aggregating
nodes with similar patterns. As a result, we unveil the differences of social
interactions in distinct academic coauthorship networks and questions \&
answers communities. We also statistically validate our social definitions
considering the importance of the nodes and edges in a social structure by
means of network properties.Comment: 11 pages, 5 figure
Feature-based time-series analysis
This work presents an introduction to feature-based time-series analysis. The
time series as a data type is first described, along with an overview of the
interdisciplinary time-series analysis literature. I then summarize the range
of feature-based representations for time series that have been developed to
aid interpretable insights into time-series structure. Particular emphasis is
given to emerging research that facilitates wide comparison of feature-based
representations that allow us to understand the properties of a time-series
dataset that make it suited to a particular feature-based representation or
analysis algorithm. The future of time-series analysis is likely to embrace
approaches that exploit machine learning methods to partially automate human
learning to aid understanding of the complex dynamical patterns in the time
series we measure from the world.Comment: 28 pages, 9 figure
Multinational firms, global value chains and the organization of technology transfer
This paper combines insights from different streams of literature to develop a more comprehensive framework for the analysis of technology transfer via value chain relationships. We integrate the existing literature in three ways. First, we consider value chain relationships as a multi-facet process of interaction between buyers and suppliers, involving different degrees of knowledge transmission and development. Second, we assess whether and to what extent value chain relationships are associated with the presence of multinationals and with their embeddedness in the host economy. Third, we take into account the capabilities of local firms to handle the technology as a factor influencing knowledge transfer through value chain relationships. Using data on 1385 firms active in Thailand in 2001-2003, we apply a multinomial logit model to test how the nature and intensity of multinational presence and the competencies of local firms affect the organisation of international technology transfer. We find that knowledge intensive relationships, which are characterized by a significant transmission of technology along the value chains, are positively associated with the presence of global buyers in the local market, with the efforts of MNCs to adapt technology to local contexts, and with the technical capabilities of domestic firms. By contrast, the age of subsidiaries and the share of inputs purchased locally appear to increase the likelihood of value chain relationships with a lower technological profile. Key words: Global value chain, multinationals, technology transfer, knowledge spilloversGlobal value chain, multinationals, technology transfer, knowledge spillovers
Foreign Direct Investments in Business Services: Transforming the VisegrĂĄd Four Region into a Knowledge-based Economy?
Foreign direct investments (FDIs) in the service sector are widely attributed an important role in bringing more skill-intensive activities into the Visegrad Four (V4). This regionâcomprising Poland, the Czech Republic, Hungary and Slovakiaârelied heavily on FDIs in manufacturing, which was often found to generate activities with limited skill content. This contribution deconstructs the chaotic concept of âbusiness servicesâ by analysing the actual nature of service sector activities outsourced and offshored to the V4. Using the knowledge-based economy (KBE) as a benchmark, the paper assesses the potential of service sector outsourcing in contributing to regional competitiveness by increasing the innovative capacity. It also discusses the role of state policies towards service sector FDI (SFDI). The analysis combines data obtained from case studies undertaken in service sector outsourcing projects in V4 countries. Moreover, it draws on interviews with senior employees of investment promotion agencies and publicly available data and statistics on activities within the service sector in the region. It argues that the recent inward investments in business services in the V4 mainly utilize existing local human capital resources, and their contribution to the development of the KBE is limited to employment creation and demand for skilled labour
The relationship between needs and instruments of innovation policy in different regions: the Matrix INT - Instruments and Needs of Technology
The methodology, which is described in this study, aims to evaluate the gap between the characteristics of the demand and the supply of technology transfer (TT) services to small and medium size firms in a wide international framework, comprising both developed countries and less developed countries. The study focuses on a "demand led" and strategic approach. It underlies that the problems and opportunities of development of the small and medium size firms in the various individual countries are different and that determines a different structure of the demand of technology transfer services. Moreover, this study aims to identify the role and characteristics of the TT intermediaries in the wider framework of the strategies and instruments of innovation policies. In fact, the instruments of innovation policy are not only those, which operate directly on the individual firms, but also those, which can operate on the "selection environment", within which the firms are embedded. Key words: evaluation, innovation, technology transfer, regional policies
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