1,395 research outputs found
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A Testbed for Developing and Evaluating GNSS Signal Authentication Techniques
An experimental testbed has been created for developing
and evaluating Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS)
signal authentication techniques. The testbed advances the state
of the art in GNSS signal authentication by subjecting candidate
techniques to the strongest publicly-acknowledged GNSS spoofing
attacks. The testbed consists of a real-time phase-coherent GNSS
signal simulator that acts as spoofer, a real-time softwaredefined
GNSS receiver that plays the role of defender, and
post-processing versions of both the spoofer and defender. Two
recently-proposed authentication techniques are analytically and
experimentally evaluated: (1) a defense based on anomalous
received power in a GNSS band, and (2) a cryptographic
defense against estimation-and-replay-type spoofing attacks. The
evaluation reveals weaknesses in both techniques; nonetheless,
both significantly complicate a successful GNSS spoofing attackAerospace Engineering and Engineering Mechanic
Secure Trajectory Planning Against Undetectable Spoofing Attacks
This paper studies, for the first time, the trajectory planning problem in
adversarial environments, where the objective is to design the trajectory of a
robot to reach a desired final state despite the unknown and arbitrary action
of an attacker. In particular, we consider a robot moving in a two-dimensional
space and equipped with two sensors, namely, a Global Navigation Satellite
System (GNSS) sensor and a Radio Signal Strength Indicator (RSSI) sensor. The
attacker can arbitrarily spoof the readings of the GNSS sensor and the robot
control input so as to maximally deviate his trajectory from the nominal
precomputed path. We derive explicit and constructive conditions for the
existence of undetectable attacks, through which the attacker deviates the
robot trajectory in a stealthy way. Conversely, we characterize the existence
of secure trajectories, which guarantee that the robot either moves along the
nominal trajectory or that the attack remains detectable. We show that secure
trajectories can only exist between a subset of states, and provide a numerical
mechanism to compute them. We illustrate our findings through several numerical
studies, and discuss that our methods are applicable to different models of
robot dynamics, including unicycles. More generally, our results show how
control design affects security in systems with nonlinear dynamics.Comment: Accepted for publication in Automatic
Attack Detection in Sensor Network Target Localization Systems with Quantized Data
We consider a sensor network focused on target localization, where sensors
measure the signal strength emitted from the target. Each measurement is
quantized to one bit and sent to the fusion center. A general attack is
considered at some sensors that attempts to cause the fusion center to produce
an inaccurate estimation of the target location with a large mean-square-error.
The attack is a combination of man-in-the-middle, hacking, and spoofing attacks
that can effectively change both signals going into and coming out of the
sensor nodes in a realistic manner. We show that the essential effect of
attacks is to alter the estimated distance between the target and each attacked
sensor to a different extent, giving rise to a geometric inconsistency among
the attacked and unattacked sensors. Hence, with the help of two secure
sensors, a class of detectors are proposed to detect the attacked sensors by
scrutinizing the existence of the geometric inconsistency. We show that the
false alarm and miss probabilities of the proposed detectors decrease
exponentially as the number of measurement samples increases, which implies
that for sufficiently large number of samples, the proposed detectors can
identify the attacked and unattacked sensors with any required accuracy
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The Texas Spoofing Test Battery: Toward a Standard for Evaluating GPS Signal Authentication Techniques
A battery of recorded spoofing scenarios has been compiled
for evaluating civil Global Positioning System (GPS) signal
authentication techniques. The battery can be considered
the data component of an evolving standard meant to
define the notion of spoof resistance for commercial GPS
receivers. The setup used to record the scenarios is described.
A detailed description of each scenario reveals
readily detectable anomalies that spoofing detectors could target to improve GPS securityAerospace Engineering and Engineering Mechanic
Fast Sequence Component Analysis for Attack Detection in Synchrophasor Networks
Modern power systems have begun integrating synchrophasor technologies into
part of daily operations. Given the amount of solutions offered and the
maturity rate of application development it is not a matter of "if" but a
matter of "when" in regards to these technologies becoming ubiquitous in
control centers around the world. While the benefits are numerous, the
functionality of operator-level applications can easily be nullified by
injection of deceptive data signals disguised as genuine measurements. Such
deceptive action is a common precursor to nefarious, often malicious activity.
A correlation coefficient characterization and machine learning methodology are
proposed to detect and identify injection of spoofed data signals. The proposed
method utilizes statistical relationships intrinsic to power system parameters,
which are quantified and presented. Several spoofing schemes have been
developed to qualitatively and quantitatively demonstrate detection
capabilities.Comment: 8 pages, 4 figures, submitted to IEEE Transaction
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GNSS Signal Authentication via Power and Distortion Monitoring
We propose a simple low-cost technique that enables
civil Global Positioning System (GPS) receivers and other civil
global navigation satellite system (GNSS) receivers to reliably
detect carry-off spoofing and jamming. The technique, which
we call the Power-Distortion detector, classifies received signals
as interference-free, multipath-afflicted, spoofed, or jammed
according to observations of received power and correlatio
n
function distortion. It does not depend on external hardware or
a network connection and can be readily implemented on many
receivers via a firmware update. Crucially, the detector can with
high probability distinguish low-power spoofing from ordinary
multipath. In testing against over 25 high-quality empirical data
sets yielding over 900,000 separate detection tests, the detector
correctly alarms on all malicious spoofing or jamming attack
s
while maintaining a
<0.5% single-channel false alarm rate.Aerospace Engineering and Engineering Mechanic
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