Taxonomy of P2P Applications

Peer-to-peer (p2p) networks have gained immense popularity in recent years and the number of services they provide continuously rises. Where p2p-networks were formerly known as file-sharing networks, p2p is now also used for services like VoIP and IPTV. With so many different p2p applications and services the need for a taxonomy framework rises. This paper describes the available p2p applications grouped by the services they provide. A taxonomy framework is proposed to classify old and recent p2p applications based on their characteristics

Inferring undesirable behavior from P2P traffic analysis

While peer-to-peer (P2P) systems have emerged in popularity in recent years, their large-scale and complexity make them difficult to reason about. In this paper, we argue that systematic analysis of traffic characteristics of P2P systems can reveal a wealth of information about their behavior, and highlight potential undesirable activities that such systems may exhibit. As a first step to this end, we present an offline and semi-automated approach to detect undesirable behavior. Our analysis is applied on real traffic traces collected from a Point-of-Presence (PoP) of a national-wide ISP in which over 70% of the total traffic is due to eMule, a popular P2P file-sharing system. Flow-level measurements are aggregated into "samples" referring to the activity of each host during a time interval. We then employ a clustering technique to automatically and coarsely identify similar behavior across samples, and extensively use domain knowledge to interpret and analyze the resulting clusters. Our analysis shows several examples of undesirable behavior including evidence of DDoS attacks exploiting live P2P clients, significant amounts of unwanted traffic that may harm network performance, and instances where the performance of participating peers may be subverted due to maliciously deployed servers. Identification of such patterns can benefit network operators, P2P system developers, and actual end-user

Įvadas

Ši monografija pateikia būdingus Lietuvos muzeologijos raidos bruožus XVIII a. antrojoje pusėje–XXI a. Autorė Lietuvos muzeologijos raidos objektą analizuoja remdamasi šiuolaikinio austrų muzeologo Friedricho Waidacherio istorinės muzeologijos samprata, t. y. muzeologijos bei muzealumo raiškos istoriją: muzeologijos istorija priklauso mokslo istorijai, muzealumo istorija – idėjų istorijai (Waidacher, 2007, 53‒117). Pagal tokią sampratą ir sudaryta šios knygos turinio dviejų skyrių struktūra, atskleidžianti muzeologijos bei muzealumo istorijos charakteringus aspektus, bruožus, raišką. Knygos pirmas skyrius ir jo dalys skirtos charakterizuoti pagrindiniams muzeologijos formavimo Lietuvoje aspektams: muzeologijos terminijos, mokslo objekto, tarpdiscipliniškumo ir statuso mokslų struktūroje, tyrimų, publikacijų ir studijų pobūdžių, – taip pat šio mokslo ištakoms, raidos periodizavimui, svarbiems formavimo faktoriams. Čia pabrėžiamas muzeologijos ir muziejininkystės sampratų diskursas, kuris padeda suvokti muzeologijos ir muziejininkystės istorijų laukus – pasak F. Waidacherio, muziejininkystės istorija – institucijų istorija (F. Waidacher, 2007, 100). Antrame monografijos skyriuje siekiama atskleisti muzealumo raiškos Lietuvoje istorijos esmines tendencijas, apibrėžti svarbius tikrovės, tapatumo muzealizacijos ir muziejų poreikio bruožus. Manoma, kad tikrovės, tapatumo muzealizacijos pagrindinės linkmės: muziejinių Lietuvos istorijos, etninės kultūros, nacionalinio ir kito tapatumo įprasminimų bei reiškimosi muziejinimų tarp mokslo ir ideologijos, – atspindi bendrąsias muzealumo raiškos turinio tendencijas. Jas papildo ir muziejų misijų, pasiūlos ir poreikio, veiklos rėmimo, prieinamumo ir pasaulinės integracijos, tipų, tinklo valdymo pobūdžių atsklaidos. Muzealizacijos ir muziejų poreikio vertinimai paaiškina, kodėl ir kokių muziejų norima, kaip muziejai organizuoja tapatumo reprezentacijas savo kraštui ir pasauliui bei kaip dalyvauja kultūrų mainų procesuose.Išsamiau PDF rinkmenoje

Content Censorship in the InterPlanetary File System

The InterPlanetary File System (IPFS) is currently the largest decentralized storage solution in operation, with thousands of active participants and millions of daily content transfers. IPFS is used as remote data storage for numerous blockchain-based smart contracts, Non-Fungible Tokens (NFT), and decentralized applications. We present a content censorship attack that can be executed with minimal effort and cost, and that prevents the retrieval of any chosen content in the IPFS network. The attack exploits a conceptual issue in a core component of IPFS, the Kademlia Distributed Hash Table (DHT), which is used to resolve content IDs to peer addresses. We provide efficient detection and mitigation mechanisms for this vulnerability. Our mechanisms achieve a 99.6\% detection rate and mitigate 100\% of the detected attacks with minimal signaling and computational overhead. We followed responsible disclosure procedures, and our countermeasures are scheduled for deployment in the future versions of IPFS.Comment: 15 pages (including references), 15 figures. Accepted to be published at the Network and Distributed System Security (NDSS) Symposium 202

Modelling of the Creative Economy Sustainable Development

The object of the research carried out for the purpose of the dissertation is modelling of the sustainable development of creative economy as a new economy archetype in the context of globalization. The objective of the dissertation is to offer quantitative analysis-based modelling of the sustainable development of creative economy using an investment portfolio as an efficient resource allocation tool. To achieve the aim and to implement chosen tasks a research of the creative industries context is carried out. Under the conditions of globalization the mechanisms of sustainable development of creative economy are one of the most innovative and least researched objects, which is now becoming the center of attraction for the practical application of emerging holistic knowledge. The underlying idea of the research carried out within the framework of the dissertation is to investigate the paradigm of sustainable development taking account of the challenges of globalization and the trends in the development of creative economy in Lithuania and throughout the world. The process of the formation of sustainable development model creates a need to identify the appropriate methods for the implementation of the objective. Methodology is based on quantitative analysis for the sustainable development of creative economy using an investment portfolio as an efficient resource allocation tool. The dissertation consists of the Introduction, three Chapters, General conclusions, References, and the list of the author’s publications on the topic of the dissertation, 5 Annexes. The Foreword reveals the relevance of the problem, formulates the objective, tasks of the dissertation, and highlights the scientific and practical novelty of the work. The first Chapter presents the theoretical meta-analysis of the creative economy, presents the concept of creativity phenomenon, highlights the relevant creative economy theories. The second Chapter is dedicated to insights into the models of the structure and the development of creative economy in the context of the general economy and creative industries within European and World context; sustainable development criteria is analyzed and creative economy sustainable development model concluded. The third Chapter presents the proposed solutions for the sustainable development of the creative economy using an investment portfolio as an efficient resource allocation tool and approved based on Lithuania’s example. General conclusions are summarized at the end of the dissertation. 10 research articles have been published on the basis of the present dissertation. One article was published in the ISI Web of Science scientific journal, one in ISI Proceedings, six in peer-reviewed Lithuanian scientific journals, one in peer-reviewed foreign scientific journals, and one in the peer-reviewed material of a national conference. The course of the results of the dissertation were presented at four international scientific conferences, 8 national scientific conferences, 3 round table academic discussions, and 4 scientific seminars of doctoral students

Qualitative Chemical Characterization of Some Milk Brands Popularly Consumed in North Central Nigeria

This Work was carried out within the  cities of Makurdi,  Lafia and Keffi of North Central Nigeria  on milk brands popularly consumed knowing the nourishing potentials of milk generally , it became expedient to assess its  quality in the first instance in order to open up opportunities for further work . The milk brands   were  DANO , HOLLANDIA , PEAK ,COWBELL SOYMILK  (made from soybeans) and  FARM  FRESH from cow milk . Parameters considered were appearance of milk – colour, organoleptic properties,   acidity test  , clot on boiling (C.O.B) test  and grade of milk . Results showed that these brands had close characteristics despite the difference in their sources. pH was between 6.4 and 6.7, appearance of milk  colour  whitish and yellowish  , organoleptic properties showed  plain  or pleasant tastes while acidity %  from 0.21 to 0.24 for all the brands.  However some slight disparity at levels of handling occurred especially those exposed to heat in open marketing .These results showed how delicate it is to handle milk both for consumption as well as marketing its bye products and further research. Keywords: Acidity, Hygienic, Yogurt ,Nutritional  and Energy DOI: 10.7176/FSQM/86-07 Publication date: April 30th 201