180,037 research outputs found
Gradient catastrophe and flutter in vortex filament dynamics
Gradient catastrophe and flutter instability in the motion of vortex filament
within the localized induction approximation are analyzed. It is shown that the
origin if this phenomenon is in the gradient catastrophe for the dispersionless
Da Rios system which describes motion of filament with slow varying curvature
and torsion. Geometrically this catastrophe manifests as a rapid oscillation of
a filament curve in a point that resembles the flutter of airfoils.
Analytically it is the elliptic umbilic singularity in the terminology of the
catastrophe theory. It is demonstrated that its double scaling regularization
is governed by the Painlev\'e-I equation.Comment: 11 pages, 3 figures, typos corrected, references adde
The Demand for Homeowners Insurance with Bundled Catastrophe Coverage
This paper analyzes the demand for homeowners insurance in markets subject to catastrophe losses and where consumers have choices in configuring their coverage for catastrophe and non-catastrophe perils. We estimate the demand for homeowner insurance in Florida and New York using two-stage least squares regression with advisory indicated loss costs as our proxy for the quantity of real insurance services demanded. We decompose the demand for insurance into the demand for coverage of catastrophe perils (i.e., hurricanes or windstorms) and the demand for non-catastrophe coverage and estimate these demand functions separately. Our results are relatively consistent in New York and Florida, including evidence that catastrophe demand is more price elastic than non-catastrophe demand. We also find evidence that consumers value options that expand coverage, buy more insurance when it is subsidized through regulatory price constraints, and consider state guaranty fund provisions when purchasing insurance.
Realizing stock market crashes: stochastic cusp catastrophe model of returns under the time-varying volatility
This paper develops a two-step estimation methodology, which allows us to
apply catastrophe theory to stock market returns with time-varying volatility
and model stock market crashes. Utilizing high frequency data, we estimate the
daily realized volatility from the returns in the first step and use stochastic
cusp catastrophe on data normalized by the estimated volatility in the second
step to study possible discontinuities in markets. We support our methodology
by simulations where we also discuss the importance of stochastic noise and
volatility in deterministic cusp catastrophe model. The methodology is
empirically tested on almost 27 years of U.S. stock market evolution covering
several important recessions and crisis periods. Due to the very long sample
period we also develop a rolling estimation approach and we find that while in
the first half of the period stock markets showed marks of bifurcations, in the
second half catastrophe theory was not able to confirm this behavior. Results
suggest that the proposed methodology provides an important shift in
application of catastrophe theory to stock markets
Financial Innovation in Property Catastrophe Reinsurance: The Convergence of Insurance and Capital Markets
The property catastrophe reinsurance industry faces a major challenge. Since 1989, climatic volatility has produced unprecedented insured losses of 18 billion of which were from Hurricane Andrew alone. A surge of insurer defaults and dramatic changes in capacity and pricing have followed in their wake. Catastrophic risks must be addressed with innovative financial approaches that bring the insurance industry closer to the securities industry. This article discusses the new financial instruments that can be successfully used to hedge unknown catastrophe risks.insurance; catastrophe; financial markets; securitization; hedge; climate change; climate volatility; reinsurance; capacity; catastrophic risk; catastrophe bundles; catastrophe futures; law of large numbers; risk financing
Orthogonality catastrophe and Kondo effect in graphene
Anderson's orthogonality catastrophe in graphene, at energies close to the
Dirac point, is analyzed. It is shown that, in clean systems, the orthogonality
catastrophe is suppressed, due to the vanishing density of states at the Dirac
point. In the presence of preexisting localized states at the Dirac energy, the
orthogonality catastrophe shows similar features to those found in normal
metals with a finite density of states at the Fermi level. The implications for
the Kondo effect induced by magnetic impurities, and for the Fermi edge
singularities in tunneling processes are also discussed.Comment: 7 pages, 7 figure
Gravothermal Catastrophe, an Example
This work discusses gravothermal catastrophe in astrophysical systems and
provides an analytic collapse solution which exhibits many of the catastrophe
properties. The system collapses into a trapped surface with outgoing energy
radiated to a future boundary, and provides an example of catastrophic
collapse.Comment: To appear in Phys. Rev.
Catastrophe risk pricing : an empirical analysis
The price of catastrophe risks is viewed by many to be too high and/or too volatile. Catastrophe risk practitioners point out that, contrary to standard insurance, such as automobile insurance, catastrophe re-insurance is exposed to infrequent but potentially very large losses. It thus requires keeping a large amount of capital in hand, generating a cost of capital to be added to the long-term expected loss. This paper pulls together data from about 250 catastrophe bonds issued on the capital markets to investigate how catastrophe risks are priced. The analysis reveals that catastrophe risk prices are a function of the underlying peril, the expected loss, the wider capital market cycle, and the risk profile of the transaction. The market-based catastrophe risk price is estimated to be 2.69 times the expected loss over the long term, that is, the long-term average multiple is 2.69. When adjusted from the market cycle, the multiple is estimated at 2.33. Peak perils like US Wind are shown to have a much higher multiple than that of non-peak perils like Japan Wind, revealing the diversification of credit from the market.Markets and Market Access,Insurance&Risk Mitigation,Debt Markets,Access to Markets,Emerging Markets
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