Does AI do more harm than good? Assessing innovativeness and complaining intentions for successful and failed Mechanical and Feeling AI services

Shopping on amazon or booking holidays online are just two examples of AI-enabled services. Although of great practical importance, literature on AI-enabled services is scarce. Especially, no study exists that assesses the effect of the different AI levels of a service on its innovativeness. Moreover, empirical evidence on customer complaining behavior as a reaction to failed AI services is also missing. Using an online experiment (n=437), our paper strives to close this research gap. Our results show that customers will perceive a Feeling AI service (high degree of AI) as more innovative than a Mechanical AI service (low degree of AI). Moreover, customers using a failed Feeling AI service will complain more than customers using a failed Mechanical AI service. Finally, customers getting an AI Service Recovery will complain less than customers getting a Human Recovery. Our results highlight the importance of AI-level when creating and managing AI services

IoT and Smart Home Data Breach Risks from the Perspective of Data Protection and Information Security Law

Background: IoT and smart devices have become extremely popular in the last few years. With their capabilities to collect data, it is reasonable to have concerns about the protection of users’ personal information and privacy in general. Objectives: Comparing existing regulations on data protection and information security rules with the new capabilities provided by IoT and smart devices. Methods/approach: This paper will analyse information on data collected by IoT and smart devices and the corresponding legal framework to explore whether the legal framework also covers these new devices and their functionalities. Results: Various IoT and smart devices pose a high risk to an individual\u27s privacy. The General Data Protection Regulation, although a relatively recent law, may not adequately regulate all instances and uses of this technology. Also, due to inadequate technological protection, abuse of such devices by unauthorized persons is possible and even likely. Conclusions: The number of IoT and smart devices is rapidly increasing. The number of IoT and smart home device security incidents is on the rise. The regulatory framework to ensure data controller and processor compliance needs to be improved in order to create a safer environment for new innovative IoT services and products without jeopardizing the rights and freedoms of data subjects. Also, it is important to increase awareness of homeowners about potential security threats when using IoT and smart devices and services

Can you trust me? Using AI to review more than three decades of AI trust literature

The ability of artificial intelligence (AI) to take on complex tasks can facilitate humans\u27 life, but also raise concerns about AI replacing the human workforce. Acceptance and prior trust are prerequisites for successfully using AI. Yet, there is no overview of the research streams that covers the topic of AI trust. We, therefore, analyzed all AI trust literature to this date. We first organized a large number of publications using a topic modeling approach, clustered the results into research streams within AI trust, and built a conceptual framework of human trust in AI. Our analysis yielded 56 topics which we assigned to 11 clusters. Further in-depth analysis of the cluster “human trust” revealed different organizational, AI, and human factors influencing AI trust. Our results contribute to the AI trust literature by reviewing the field, offering a model of human trust in AI using a novel mixed methods approach and uncovering areas for further research

A Systematic Review of Ethical Concerns with Voice Assistants

Siri's introduction in 2011 marked the beginning of a wave of domestic voice assistant releases, and this technology has since become commonplace in consumer devices such as smartphones and TVs. But as their presence expands there have also been a range of ethical concerns identified around the use of voice assistants, such as the privacy implications of having devices that are always recording and the ways that these devices are integrated into the existing social order of the home. This has created a burgeoning area of research across a range of fields including computer science, social science, and psychology. This paper takes stock of the foundations and frontiers of this work through a systematic literature review of 117 papers on ethical concerns with voice assistants. In addition to analysis of nine specific areas of concern, the review measures the distribution of methods and participant demographics across the literature. We show how some concerns, such as privacy, are operationalized to a much greater extent than others like accessibility, and how study participants are overwhelmingly drawn from a small handful of Western nations. In so doing we hope to provide an outline of the rich tapestry of work around these concerns and highlight areas where current research efforts are lacking

Autonomia, serenità e tecnologia. Il consumo di Smart Object da parte di consumatori anziani e il ruolo dei figli adulti

Questa tesi di dottorato, dal titolo “Autonomia, serenità e tecnologia. Il consumo di Smart Object da parte di consumatori anziani e il ruolo dei figli adulti.” ha l’obiettivo di studiare il consumo di tecnologie intelligenti (Smart Object) da parte di consumatori anziani. Questo elaborato, costruito su un paper di revisione della letteratura e due paper empirici, attraverso una analisi qualitativa di recensioni online, un modello di regressione ed un esperimento, mette in luce i benefit che i consumatori anziani e i loro figli adulti traggono quando i primi usano uno Smart Object. In particolare, i genitori anziani possono godere di una maggiore autonomia, mentre i figli adulti godono di una maggiore serenità. Questa tesi offre, oltre che implicazioni teoriche, anche molti spunti per aziende Tech sia per il design che per la comunicazione e promozione di Smart Object

cii Student Papers - 2021

In this collection of papers, we, the Research Group Critical Information Infrastructures (cii) from the Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, present nine selected student research articles contributing to the design, development, and evaluation of critical information infrastructures. During our courses, students mostly work in groups and deal with problems and issues related to sociotechnical challenges in the realm of (critical) information systems. Student papers came from four different cii courses, namely Emerging Trends in Digital Health, Emerging Trends in Internet Technologies, Critical Information Infrastructures, and Digital Health in the winter term of 2020 and summer term of 2021

Connecting the Echo Dots: An Exploratory Ethnographic Study of ‘Alexa’ in the Classroom

Educational research literature regarding epistemic curiosity and voice technology could not be found to answer a burning question of, ‘Why aren’t my students curious?’. The aim of the study was therefore to critically analyse teachers pedagogical approaches and how voice technology was used by students as a more knowledgeable other and the extent to which it affected students’ epistemic curiosity. Using an exploratory ethnographic approach, Amazon’s Echo Dot voice technology was studied in lessons at Hillview School. Data was collected through participant observation, informal interviews and recordings of students’ interactions with ‘Alexa’. Students asked questions to Alexa in large numbers. Alexa was asked 87 questions during two lessons suggesting that Alexa was a digital more knowledgeable other. Types of questions asked to Alexa, such as ‘Can fish see water?’, were epistemic questions and suggestive of epistemic curiosity. Teachers used the Echo Dots infrequently and in a limited number of ways. Teachers relied upon a pedagogical approach and talk oriented around performance which overlooked students’ learning talk. The answer to why students might not be curious was not found. However, evidence to understand how and why they might appear not curious was revealed. The study makes contributions to knowledge through the novel use of the Echo Dots to collect data and through a new data visualisation technique called ‘heatmaps’. The study contributes to knowledge by proposing three tentative notions that emerged inductively from the research: ‘performance-oriented talk’, ‘metricalisation’ and ‘regulativity’. The study aims to make a further contribution to knowledge by suggesting evidence of a ‘pedagogy of performance’. The study recommends ‘learning-oriented talk’ and development of Alexa ‘Skills’ as a way to disrupt the pedagogy of performance and as an area for further research