A taxonomy for key performance indicators management

In recent years, research on Key Performance Indicators (KPIs) management has grown exponentially, giving rise to a multitude of heterogeneous approaches addressing any aspect concerning it. In this paper, we plot the landscape of published works related with KPIs management, organizing and synthesizing them by means of a unified taxonomy that encompasses the aspects considered by other proposals, and it captures the overall characteristics of KPIs. Since most of the literature centers on the definition of KPIs, we mainly focus on such an aspect of KPIs management. Our work is intended to provide remarkable benefits such as enhancing the understanding of KPIs management, or helping users decide about the most suitable solution for their requirements

A Smart Products Lifecycle Management (sPLM) Framework - Modeling for Conceptualization, Interoperability, and Modularity

Autonomy and intelligence have been built into many of today’s mechatronic products, taking advantage of low-cost sensors and advanced data analytics technologies. Design of product intelligence (enabled by analytics capabilities) is no longer a trivial or additional option for the product development. The objective of this research is aimed at addressing the challenges raised by the new data-driven design paradigm for smart products development, in which the product itself and the smartness require to be carefully co-constructed. A smart product can be seen as specific compositions and configurations of its physical components to form the body, its analytics models to implement the intelligence, evolving along its lifecycle stages. Based on this view, the contribution of this research is to expand the “Product Lifecycle Management (PLM)” concept traditionally for physical products to data-based products. As a result, a Smart Products Lifecycle Management (sPLM) framework is conceptualized based on a high-dimensional Smart Product Hypercube (sPH) representation and decomposition. First, the sPLM addresses the interoperability issues by developing a Smart Component data model to uniformly represent and compose physical component models created by engineers and analytics models created by data scientists. Second, the sPLM implements an NPD3 process model that incorporates formal data analytics process into the new product development (NPD) process model, in order to support the transdisciplinary information flows and team interactions between engineers and data scientists. Third, the sPLM addresses the issues related to product definition, modular design, product configuration, and lifecycle management of analytics models, by adapting the theoretical frameworks and methods for traditional product design and development. An sPLM proof-of-concept platform had been implemented for validation of the concepts and methodologies developed throughout the research work. The sPLM platform provides a shared data repository to manage the product-, process-, and configuration-related knowledge for smart products development. It also provides a collaborative environment to facilitate transdisciplinary collaboration between product engineers and data scientists

AN INFORMATION MODEL IN THE DOMAIN OF DISASSEMBLY PLANNING FOR SUSTAINABLE MANUFACTURING

Disassembly, a process of separating the End of Life (EOL) product into discrete components for re-utilizing their associated residual values, is an important part for the sustainable manufacturing. This work focuses on the modeling of the disassembly planning related information, and develops a Disassembly Information Model (DIM) based on an extensive investigation of various informational aspects of the disassembly planning. The developed Disassembly Information Model, which represents an appropriate systematization and classification of the products, processes, uncertainties and degradations related information, follows a layered modeling methodology. In this layered configuration, the DIM is subdivided into three distinct layers with an intent to separate general knowledge into different levels of abstractions, and to reach a balance between information reusability and information usability. The performance evaluation of the DIM (usability and reusability) is accessed by successful implementations of the DIM model into two prototype software applications in the domain of disassembly planning. The first application, called the Disassembly Sequence Generator (DSG), identifies the optimal disassembly sequence using a CAD based searching algorithm and a disassembly Linear Programming (LP) model. The searching process results in an AND/OR graph, which represents all the feasible disassembly sequences of a specific EOL product; whereas the LP model takes the AND/OR graph as an input and determines the economically optimal process sequence among all the possibilities. The second application is called the Adaptive Disassembly Planning (ADP), which further takes the EOL product uncertainty and degradation issues into consideration. In order to address these issues, fuzzy logic and Bayesian Network methodologies are used to develop a Disassembly Decision Network (DDN), which adaptively generates the optimal disassembly sequence based on the current available information. This research work is the first attempt to develop a comprehensive Information Model in the domain of disassembly planning. The associated modeling methodology that has been developed in this research is generic and scalable, and it could be widely adopted in other engineering domains, like product assembly, production planning, etc. The ultimate objective of this work is to standardize the DIM into a reference model that will be acknowledged and agreed upon by the sustainable manufacturing community

Cartographie 4.0 pour la transformation numérique des processus

RÉSUMÉ : L'industrie 4.0 représente un défi majeur pour l'ensemble des secteurs d'activité économique et notamment pour le domaine de la construction qui cherche à réussir sa transition vers la construction 4.0. Cette 4e révolution industrielle, basée sur le numérique et la connectivité, permet une prise de décision à la fois décentralisée et en temps réel, dans le but de maximiser l'agilité, la réactivité et l'autonomie des systèmes. Cependant, les changements associés à cette révolution ne sont pas aisés à mettre en œuvre, d'autant plus que la représentation des processus habituellement utilisée pour la transformation des procédés n'est pas adaptée au besoin de représentation de l'industrie 4.0. C'est pourquoi l'objectif général de nos travaux est de développer une nouvelle représentation des processus adaptée aux besoins de l'industrie 4.0.Ainsi, après un état de l'art consacré à l'industrie 4.0 et à sa déclinaison dans le domaine de la construction, une revue de littérature sur les standards de modélisation des processus d'affaires a été menée, permettant de juger de la capacité des formalismes de cartographies actuels et de leurs améliorations à prendre en compte les spécificités de représentation de l'industrie 4.0. Celles-ci se situent en particulier dans la représentation des technologies et des données. Bien qu'il ait été démontré qu'aucun formalisme n'embrasse l’ensemble des besoins en représentation 4.0, cet état de l'art a permis de comparer les différents formalismes et de dégager les plus prometteurs. De plus, les caractéristiques nécessaires à la conception d'une nouvelle représentation à destination de l'industrie 4.0 ont d’une part été extraites de la revue de littérature, et ont d’autre part été complétées suivant les besoins de notre partenaire industriel exprimés lors de son audit. Basé sur le formalisme BPMN, notre nouveau modèle baptisé « Gabarit de représentation et de modélisation pour l'industrie 4.0 (GRMI4.0), a été développé et validé grâce à un protocole adapté de la méthodologie usuellement employée lors de la normalisation des pictogrammes. La bonification des pictogrammes d’activité et de donnée par l’ajout de 14 nouvelles icônes apporte une meilleure représentation des solutions 4.0 mises en œuvre, en particulier du point de vue des technologies et des données. L’intégration d’indicateurs de performance permet quant à elle de quantifier les transformations induites en termes de compétences à mettre en œuvre, de coût et de temps. Enfin, un gabarit Microsoft Visio a été développé pour faciliter l’utilisation du GRMI4.0. Finalement, une expérimentation sur un cas d'application du partenaire – l'implantation de la méthode de la valeur acquise sur le processus de gestion et de suivi de projet – a montré l’efficacité du modèle pour l’opérationnalisation de l’implantation de pratiques 4.0.----------ABSTRACT : Industry 4.0 represents a major challenge in all sectors of economic activity and particularly in the industry of the construction, which is seeking to make a successful transition to construction 4.0. This 4th industrial revolution, based on digital technology and connectivity, enables both decentralized and real-time decision-making, with the aim of maximizing the systems’ agility, responsiveness and autonomy. However, the changes associated with this revolution are not easy to implement, especially since Business Process Modeling (BPM) usually used for process transformation is not adapted to the needs of representation of Industry 4.0. This is why the general objective of our work is to develop a new BPMN representation adapted to the needs of industry 4.0. Thus, after a state of the art devoted to industry 4.0 and its declination in the field of construction, a literature review on BPM standards has been conducted, allowing to judge the capacity of current mapping formalisms and their improvements to take into account the specific features of Industry 4.0 representation. These features particularly relate to the representation of technologies and data. Although it has been shown that no single formalism covers all the needs in 4.0 representation, this state of the art has made it possible to compare the different formalisms and to identify the most promising ones. In addition, the necessary characteristics for the design of a new representation for Industry 4.0 were extracted from the literature review and were completed according to the needs our industrial partner expressed during its audit. Based on the BPMN formalism, our new model called “Gabarit de représentation et de modélisation pour l’industrie 4.0” (GRMI4.0), has been developed and validated using a protocol adapted from the methodology usually used in the standardization of pictograms. The enhancement of the activity and data pictograms by the addition of 14 new icons provides a better representation of the implemented 4.0 solutions, particularly from technology and data points of view. The integration of performance indicators enables to quantify the induced transformations in terms of skills, cost and time. Besides, a Microsoft Visio template has been developed to facilitate the use of GRMI 4.0. Finally, an experimentation on a partner's application case - the implementation of the earned value method on the project management and monitoring process - showed the effectiveness of the model for the operationalization of 4.0 practice