Blockchain Applications in Smart Sustainable City Context—A Systematic Mapping Study

The advancement in blockchain applications in the smart sustainable city infrastructure is evaluated in this paper through a comprehensive mapping review. The evaluation is carried out by posing four research questions that address current developments in blockchain technology in the context of smart cities and point out areas where additional study is needed. This study also includes a scoping of blockchain applications in a smart city context to highlight the obstacles to incorporating blockchain technology into smart city infrastructure. Finally, some suggestions for overcoming the problems of incorporating blockchain technology with smart city infrastructure are offered. This research will help researchers and policymakers gain a better understanding of blockchain applications in smart cities

Blockchain Application on the Internet of Vehicles (IoV)

With the rapid development of the Internet of Things (IoT) and its potential integration with the traditional Vehicular Ad-Hoc Networks (VANETs), we have witnessed the emergence of the Internet of Vehicles (IoV), which promises to seamlessly integrate into smart transportation systems. However, the key characteristics of IoV, such as high-speed mobility and frequent disconnections make it difficult to manage its security and privacy. The Blockchain, as a distributed tamper-resistant ledge, has been proposed as an innovative solution that guarantees privacy-preserving yet secure schemes. In this paper, we review recent literature on the application of blockchain to IoV, in particular, and intelligent transportation systems in general

Blockchain concept in Jakarta smart transportation payment

The background of this research is how to find out the application of block chains in public transportation systems, using electronic money and digital wallets, the application of block chains in this study to determine the effectiveness of the electronic money storage system, which is used in public transportation payments, especially transportation in the city Jakarta. The research method used in this study is to use the literature review method, using the basis of journals and books, journals that have been read as many as 50 journals and books as many as 30 books, after the proposed system is made, a survey will be conducted which will be asked about the effectiveness of the system. It is proposed that a survey be conducted to 100 users of public transportation, with the basis of thisresearch, it can be developed into a new research problem so that they can find novelties that can be used in the future. The problem raised in thisresearch is the application of block chain technology which is applied to the public transportation system in the city of Jakarta, therefore it will be known the effectiveness of the block chain applied to the electronic payment system in public transportation modes. This study resulted in a proposed system whose effectiveness could be known based on a survey conducted to 100 users of public transportation. The results of the survey were 87% agreed with the application of the proposed system, and 13% disagreed

Intelligent transportation systems applications: Safety and transfer of big transport data

The distributed ledger technology (Blockchain) offers a fast, scalable solution for data tracking and authentication. Implementation of Blockchain is expected to emphasize the use of technology to decrease or eliminate third-party costs, better protect devices and systems’ data, and enhance transparency and security. Blockchain also offers a highly secure platform that enables quicker operation and payments, and more precise data record of transportation vehicles (in all modes). This feature plays a significant role in the supply chain by providing access to shared information, to decrease or eliminate redundant communication and information, avoiding data transmission errors. Therefore, it becomes feasible to spend less time verifying data and more time analysing and managing data, which can improve the quality of the interaction between participants, control or reduce costs, or both. In the collection, analysis, and secure sharing of big data with relevant parties, technological advances and the efficient use of smart transportation systems in urban and rural transportation take priority. Particularly in recent years, the loss of data from hacker attacks or the inability to determine where data is transported demonstrates that Blockchain technology may be used successfully in this field. This paper examines the “Smart Cities Traffic Safety” project, which is one of the largest Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) projects in Turkey and is currently implemented by Samsun Metropolitan Municipality. In these ITS-based transportation applications, Blockchain technology is used to protect against cyber-attacks on the data of intelligent signalised intersections, average speed corridors, parking violation detection, and red-light violation detection systems. Additionally, this research focuses on the secure sharing of the transportation Big Data with third parties based on the step-by-step monitoring of data transfer history. In the context of this project, the first step is to propose a framework that is based on the technology of Blockchain. Then, a platform was developed with the objective to enable the authentication, validation, monitoring, and protection of information and to address the emerging challenges in the field of transportation systems

Blockchain-based Reputation for Intelligent Transportation Systems

A disruptive technology often used in finance, Internet of Things (IoT) and healthcare, blockchain can reach consensus within a decentralised network—potentially composed of large amounts of unreliable nodes—and to permanently and irreversibly store data in a tamper-proof manner. In this paper, we present a reputation system for Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS). It considers the users interested in traffic information as the main actors of the architecture. They securely share their data which are collectively validated by other users. Users can choose to employ either such crowd-sourced validated data or data generated by the system to travel between two locations. The data saved is reliable, based on the providers’ reputation and cannot be modified. We present results with a simulation for three cities: San Francisco, Rome and Beijing. We have demonstrated the impact of malicious attacks as the average speed decreased if erroneous information was stored in the blockchain as an implemented routing algorithm guides the honest cars on other free routes, and thus crowds other intersections