A two-stage power amplifier design for ultra-wideband applications

In this paper, a two-stage 0.18 μm CMOS power amplifier (PA) for ultra-wideband (UWB) 3 to 5 GHz based on common source inductive degeneration with an auxiliary amplifier is proposed. In this proposal, an auxiliary amplifier is used to place the 2nd harmonic in the core amplified in order to make up for the gain progression phenomena at the main amplifier output node. Simulation results show a power gain of 16 dB with a gain flatness of 0.4 dB and an input 1 dB compression of about -5 dBm from 3 to 5 GHz using a 1.8 V power supply consuming 25 mW. Power added efficiency (PAE) of around 47% at 4 GHz with 50 Ω load impedance was also observed

Robust pole placement using firefly algorithm

In this paper, the new automatic tool that is based on the firefly algorithm whose purpose is optimization of pole location in the control of state feedback has been presented. The aim is satisfying specifications of performance like settling and rise time, steady state as well as overshoot error. Utilization of Firefly algorithm has demonstrated the benefits of controllers based on this kind of time domain over controllers based on the frequency domain like Proportional-Integral Derivative (PID). The presented method is more particular for the multi-input multi-output (MIMO) systems that have substantial state numbers. The simulation results indicated that the proposed method had superior performance in providing solution to the problems that involved stabilization of helicopter under the Rationalized Model of helicopter/ Moreover, it demonstrates the Firefly algorithm effectiveness with regards to, the state observer design and feedback controller and auto-tuning