Biomechanics analysis of kicking motion

High quality kicking technique is the most important aspect of the football player. The good technique will increase quality of the game. This study will focus on the biomechanics analysis on the ten male Majlis Sukan Negeri Terengganu (MSNT) football players as well as to clarify the difference between three types of step run using kinematic variables and electromyography analysis. Electromyography data management and analysis are using Origin Pro 8.5.1 software and the statistical analysis carried out by using the ANOVA analysis. In order to observe the kicking motion experiment, the subjects will perform the instep kicking on the plane of activity in the laboratory. The image of the instep kicking was shot using high speed camera (250Hz). The subject tried to kick a ball at their full strength for each kick, namely the one step kick, two step kick and three step kick. The results indicate that there was no great difference in performance between the muscle of Quadriceps and Hamstring to the pairing of the three types of step run, though muscle discharge of the Calves and Tibialis Anterior show greater values in the group of pairing the three type of step. Image of the instep kicking was captured during the study and is useful to get the data of the kicking action for the kinematic variables. In this context, kinematics variable can be determine such as leg velocity, ball velocity, ball deformation, coefficient of restitution (COR) and force by leg. Based on the investigation with same leg velocity after impact which is 16 m/s, the highest force for leg is 5378.95N and the highest ball velocity is 23.07 m/s. The maximum ball deformation and coefficient of restitution noted as 0.018m and 0.86. These finding led to the conclusion that in a comparison between the kicking, three steps run demonstrates higher kinematics variables value compared to the one step and two step of kick

BIOMECHANICS ANALYSIS OF WATER POLO THROWING

The purpose of this study is to investigate the parameters of displacement. velocity, and acceleration of water polo over arm throwing. Six water polo athletes participated in this study. Kwon 3D was utilized to analyze arm movement of water polo shooting, including the displacement, velocity, and acceleration of wrist, elbow, shoulder, and ball. The results indicated, first, the displacement of arm movement was quadratic polynomial at a frequency of 0.6 second with maximum distance of 130.97 cm for ball, 117.17 cm for wrist, 107.04 cm for elbow, and 94.22 cm for shoulder. Second, the velocity of arm movement was a cubic curve with maximum speed of 25.368 m/s for ball, 20.092 m/s for wrist, 19.732 rn/s for elbow, and 23.846 m/s for shoulder. Moreover, the change of maximum velocity of ball and wrist occurred after 1.5 seconds, while the velocity of elbow and shoulder both decreased for 0.5 seconds. Third, the acceleration of arm movement showed a 6th order polynomial at a frequency of 0.2 second with maximum acceleration of 505.082 m/s2 for ball, 545.526 m/s2 for wrist, 401.82 m/s2 for elbow, and 568.26 m/s2 for shoulder

THE BIOMECHANICS ANALYSIS OF THROWING TECHNIQUE

INTRODUCTION: Throwing is a basic human movement. The overall performance object of sport involving throwing is to obtain a displacement as large as possible. The purpose of this study was to examine the overarm throwing technique of a small weight

COMPARATIVE BIOMECHANICS ANALYSIS OF HURDLE CLEARANCE TECHNIQUES

The purpose of this study was to investigate Yin Jing’s hurdle clearance techniques. Through a follow-up study on his training, some experiments were performed using 3D kinematics. The best one of each year’s performances from 2007 to 2009 was chosen for comparative analysis in this paper. It was found that his techniques improved significantly and became more stable, but the supporting time needs to be reduced

LOW BACK PAIN: BIOMECHANICS ANALYSIS AND PREVENTION

Epidemiological studies have shown that lower back pain from golf represent 25% of all golf related injuries. A review of the literature shows that the etiology is pluri-factorial, with general and specific risk factors. For the average players and the elite players, the mechanical loadings on the lumbar spine must be analyzed during all the golf swing. The specific risk factors, as range of motion restriction, abnormal muscle recruitment, excessive X-factor, important right side bending with high velocity lumbar rotation (crunch factor) are essential elements to be considered in a prevention strategy. Golf can aggravate pre-existing low back pain, especially in a context of overuse, without correct warm-up and with important golf swing technical fault but golf could also be an efficient treatment when it is practiced in good conditions

BIOMECHANICS ANALYSIS OF ANKLE SUPINATION SPRAIN INJURY

One male athlete accidentally sprained his ankle with a supination mechanism while performing a series of cutting motion trials in a laboratory. The injury was immediately diagnosed as a grade one mild anterior talofibular ligamentous sprain, and was simultaneously recorded by three calibrated cameras and a pressure insole system at 100 Hz. For the injury trial, results showed that the foot and ankle was more internally rotated and greatly inverted at foot strike, followed by a fast plantarflexion and shift of center of pressure to forefoot. The rearfoot was lifted and swung to the lateral aspect, thus increasing the moment arm and the ankle joint torque. The ankle joint finally reached an orientation of 66 degrees dorsiflexion, 48 degrees internal rotation and 103 degrees inversion

Design Of Neural Network Circuit Inside High Speed Camera Using Analog CMOS 0.35 ¼m Technology

Analog VLSI on-chip learning Neural Networks represent a mature technology for a large number of applications involving industrial as well as consumer appliances. This is particularly the case when low power consumption, small size and/or very high speed are required. This approach exploits the computational features of Neural Networks, the implementation efficiency of analog VLSI circuits and the adaptation capabilities of the on-chip learning feedback schema. High-speed video cameras are powerful tools for investigating for instance the biomechanics analysis or the movements of mechanical parts in manufacturing processes. In the past years, the use of CMOS sensors instead of CCDs has enabled the development of high-speed video cameras offering digital outputs , readout flexibility, and lower manufacturing costs. In this paper, we propose a high-speed smart camera based on a CMOS sensor with embedded Analog Neural Network

Hip External Rotator Strength Is Associated With Better Dynamic Control of the Lower Extremity During Landing Tasks

Hip external rotator strength is associated with better dynamic control of the lower extremity during landing tasks. J Strength Cond Res 30(1): 282–291, 2016—The purpose of this study was to determine the association between hip strength and lower extremity kinematics and kinetics during unanticipated single-leg landing and cutting tasks in collegiate female soccer players. Twenty-three National Collegiate Athletic Association division I female soccer players were recruited for strength testing and biomechanical analysis. Maximal isometric hip abduction and external rotation strength were measured using a hand-held dynamometer and expressed as muscle torque (force × femoral length) and normalized to body weight. Three-dimensional lower extremity kinematics and kinetics were assessed with motion analysis and force plates, and an inverse dynamics approach was used to calculate net internal joint moments that were normalized to body weight. Greater hip external rotator strength was significantly associated with greater peak hip external rotation moments (r = 0.47; p = 0.021), greater peak knee internal rotation moments (r = 0.41; p = 0.048), greater hip frontal plane excursion (r = 0.49; p = 0.017), and less knee transverse plane excursion (r = -0.56; p = 0.004) during unanticipated single-leg landing and cutting tasks. In addition, a statistical trend was detected between hip external rotator strength and peak hip frontal plane moments (r = 0.39; p = 0.06). The results suggest that females with greater hip external rotator strength demonstrate better dynamic control of the lower extremity during unanticipated single-leg landing and cutting tasks and provide further support for the link between hip strength and lower extremity landing mechanics

INTEGRATING BIOMECHANICS AT THE ELITE LEVEL: THE TENNIS AUSTRALIA EXPERIENCE

Technical skill is key to tennis success. Qualitative critiques of technique are commonplace in the sport. The use of quantitative biomechanics analysis in aiding athlete development has been limited in tennis however, owing largely to its cost, the expertise required for implementation and/or the timeliness of meaningful feedback. Tennis Australia has nevertheless attempted to strategically deploy quantitative biomechanics analysis, often doubling as research opportunities, to facilitate a coach’s understanding of specific parts of his/her athlete’s technique. The organisation has also identified key research questions to improve the sport’s understanding of technique, skill development and injury prevention, generally through the use of motion analysis systems like VICON. The current paper provides some examples of the genesis and outcomes of this research in specific relation to the tennis serve

Biomechanics analysis in coffee harvesting activity in Colombia

During this case study, the risks of posture, strength and repetition associated with the activity of manual coffee harvesting were evaluated. The sample studied was 26 volunteers who participated in the completion of a Nordic questionnaire, 10 of these were evaluated using observational, and postural tools and 8 people participated in the biomechanical evaluation of postural and muscular load using electromyography and inertial. Seven muscles and two body segments of the upper limbs were evaluated. The goal was to assess the working conditions of coffee manual harvesting considering ergonomics. The results of the discomforts were manifested in the Nordic questionnaire where it was evident that throughout a workday harvesting coffee, the discomfort focuses on the back, lower back, hands, and feet. In the muscle load evaluation was identified that the muscles with the highest activity were the Extensor, Flexor Carpi Ulnar and the trapezius. On average, their muscular activity was 20% of their maximum volunteer contraction when performing the statistical analysis. -Tics showed a greater correlation in muscle activation between the Carpi Radial Extender and the trapezius. In the postural evaluation of the body segments from the coffee harvesters evaluated, it was identified that they only maintain between 10% and 20% in neutral ranges, so they are always in risky conditions. In conclusion, it is necessary to carry out interventions in the Colombian coffee sector not only because of these evaluated conditions but also for the conditions in their work environment.Durante este caso de estudio se evaluaron los riesgos de postura, fuerza y repetición asociados a la actividad de recolección manual de café. La población estudiada fue de 26 personas que participaron voluntariamente para la realización de un cuestionario nórdico, 10 de estos se les evaluó por medio de herramientas posturales observacionales y 8 personas que se ofrecieron para la evaluación de carga postural y muscular evaluadas con electromiografía e inerciales respectivamente. Se evaluaron 7 músculos y 2 segmentos corporales de los miembros superiores. El objetivo fue realizar una evaluación de las condiciones de trabajo de los recolectores de café haciendo uso de herramientas de ergonomía. En los resultados de las incomodidades manifestadas en el cuestionario nórdico por los trabajadores se evidenció que a lo largo de una jornada de trabajo recolectan-do café la incomodidad reportada se centra en las partes del cuerpo en espalda, espalda baja, manos y pies. Respecto a la carga muscular esta fue evaluada y se identificó que los músculos con mayor actividad son el Extensor y Flexor Carpi Ulnar y el trapecio en promedio, para todos los sujetos se acercan a un 20% de la actividad muscular, al realizar el análisis estadístico se evidenció mayor correlación en la activación muscular entre el Extensor Carpi Radial y el trapecio. En la evaluación de los segmentos corporales se identificó que mantienen solamente entre el 10% y 20% en rangos neutros, por lo que siempre se encuentran en condiciones de riesgo. Como conclusión es necesario realizar intervenciones en el sector cafetero colombiano no solamente por estas condiciones evaluadas sino por condiciones del entorno de trabajo