並列カスケード選択分子動力学法による生体分子の会合・解離シミュレーション

学位の種別: 課程博士審査委員会委員 : （主査）東京大学教授 津田 宏治, 東京大学客員准教授 広川 貴次, 東京大学特任准教授 寺田 透, 東京大学講師 笠原 雅弘, 東京大学准教授 木立 尚孝University of Tokyo(東京大学

ENZYMES: Catalysis, Kinetics and Mechanisms

Onemarvelsattheintricate designoflivingsystems,andwecannotbutwonderhow life originated on this planet. Whether ?rst biological structures emerged as the selfreproducing genetic templates (genetics-?rst origin of life) or the metabolic universality preceded the genome and eventually integrated it (metabolism-?rst origin of life) is still a matter of hot scienti?c debate. There is growing acceptance that the RNA world came ?rst – as RNA molecules can perform both the functions of information storage and catalysis. Regardless of which view eventually gains acceptance, emergence of catalytic phenomena is at the core of biology. The last century has seen an explosive growth in our understanding of biological systems. The progression has involved successive emphasis on taxonomy ! physiology ! biochemistry ! molecular biology ! genetic engineering and ?nally the large-scale study of genomes. The ?eld of molecular biology became largely synonymous with the study of DNA – the genetic material. Molecular biology however had its beginnings in the understanding of biomolecular structure and function. Appreciationofproteins,catalyticphenomena,andthefunctionofenzymeshadalargeroleto play in the progress of modern biology

Exploring the Multifaceted Roles of Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) - New Advances and Further Challenges

Glycosaminoglycans are linear, anionic polysaccharides (GAGs) consisting of repeating disaccharides. GAGs are ubiquitously localized throughout the extracellular matrix (ECM) and to the cell membranes of cells in all tissues. They are either conjugated to protein cores in the form of proteoglycans, e.g., chondroitin/dermatan sulfate (CS/DS), heparin/heparan sulfate (Hep/HS) and keratan sulfate (KS), as well as non-sulfated hyaluronan (HA). By modulating biological signaling GAGs participate in the regulation of homeostasis and also participate in disease progression. The book, entitled “Exploring the multifaceted roles of glycosaminoglycans (GAGs)—new advances and further challenges”, features original research and review articles. These articles cover several GAG-related timely topics in structural biology and imaging; morphogenesis, cancer, and other disease therapy and drug developments; tissue engineering; and metabolic engineering. This book also includes an article illustrating how metabolic engineering can be used to create the novel chondroitin-like polysaccharide.A prerequisite for communicating in any discipline and across disciplines is familiarity with the appropriate terminology. Several nomenclature rules exist in the field of biochemistry. The historical description of GAGs follows IUPAC and IUB nomenclature. New structural depictions such as the structural nomenclature for glycan and their translation into machine-readable formats have opened the route for cross-references with popular bioinformatics resources and further connections with other exciting “omics” fields