Foot and Mouth Disease: The 1967 outbreak and its aftermath

The transcript of a Witness Seminar held by the Wellcome Trust Centre for the History of Medicine at UCL, London, on 11 December 2001. First published by the Wellcome Trust Centre for the History of Medicine at UCL, 2003. ©The Trustee of the Wellcome Trust, London, 2003.All volumes are freely available online at: www.history.qmul.ac.uk/research/modbiomed/wellcome_witnesses/Annotated and edited transcript of a Witness Seminar held on 11 December 2001. Introduction by Dr Lise Wilkinson.Annotated and edited transcript of a Witness Seminar held on 11 December 2001. Introduction by Dr Lise Wilkinson.Annotated and edited transcript of a Witness Seminar held on 11 December 2001. Introduction by Dr Lise Wilkinson.Annotated and edited transcript of a Witness Seminar held on 11 December 2001. Introduction by Dr Lise Wilkinson.Annotated and edited transcript of a Witness Seminar held on 11 December 2001. Introduction by Dr Lise Wilkinson.Annotated and edited transcript of a Witness Seminar held on 11 December 2001. Introduction by Dr Lise Wilkinson.In 1967–68 Britain experienced the worst foot and mouth disease (FMD) epidemic of the twentieth century. Attributed to pig swill containing infected Argentine lamb, 2,228 outbreaks were recorded during a nine-month period, resulting in the slaughter of nearly 450,000 animals, statistics only surpassed by the 2001 FMD epidemic. Lord Soulsby led the discussion among veterinarians, virologists, academics and farmers. The edited, annotated and illustrated transcript considers MAFF’s State Veterinary Service procedures and organization and the subsequent investigations for the 1968 Northumberland Committee, with some comparisons with the 2001 outbreak; the contribution of the Animal Virus Research Institute and the International Vaccine Bank for FMD at Pirbright, Surrey; the hardship endured by the farmers during the outbreak; and political aspects of the historic slaughter policy and the debate over vaccination, both in Westminster and in Europe. Reynolds L A, Tansey E M. (eds) (2003) Foot and Mouth Disease: The 1967 outbreak and its aftermath, Wellcome Witnesses to Twentieth Century Medicine, vol. 18. London: Wellcome Trust Centre for the History of Medicine at UCL.The Wellcome Trust Centre for the History of Medicine at UCL is funded by the Wellcome Trust, which is a registered charity, no. 210183

Childhood asthma and beyond

Consists of the edited transcripts of Witness Seminars organized by the History of Twentieth Century Medicine Group and held at the Wellcome Institute for the History of Medicine, London, on 4 April 2000.First published by the Wellcome Trust Centre for the History of Medicine at UCL, 2001. ©The Trustee of the Wellcome Trust, London, 2001. All volumes are freely available online at: www.history.qmul.ac.uk/research/modbiomed/wellcome_witnesses/Consists of the edited transcripts of Witness Seminars organized by the History of Twentieth Century Medicine Group and held at the Wellcome Institute for the History of Medicine.The Wellcome Trust Centre for the History of Medicine at UCL is funded by the Wellcome Trust, which is a registered charity, no. 210183

Development of Physics Applied to Medicine in the UK, 1945–90

Annotated and edited transcript of a Witness Seminar held on 5 July 2005. Introduction by Dr Jeff Hughes.First published by the Wellcome Trust Centre for the History of Medicine at UCL, 2006.©The Trustee of the Wellcome Trust, London, 2006.All volumes are freely available online at: www.history.qmul.ac.uk/research/modbiomed/wellcome_witnesses/Annotated and edited transcript of a Witness Seminar held on 5 July 2005. Introduction by Dr Jeff Hughes.Annotated and edited transcript of a Witness Seminar held on 5 July 2005. Introduction by Dr Jeff Hughes.Annotated and edited transcript of a Witness Seminar held on 5 July 2005. Introduction by Dr Jeff Hughes.Annotated and edited transcript of a Witness Seminar held on 5 July 2005. Introduction by Dr Jeff Hughes.Annotated and edited transcript of a Witness Seminar held on 5 July 2005. Introduction by Dr Jeff Hughes.Annotated and edited transcript of a Witness Seminar held on 5 July 2005. Introduction by Dr Jeff Hughes.Organized with the assistance of Professor John Clifton (UCL) and chaired by Professor Peter Williams (Manchester), this seminar examined the early developments of medical physics in the UK between 1945 and 1990. Participants discussed a range of themes including medical physics before and during the war, the role of the King's Fund and the formation of the Hospital Physicists' Association (HPA), expansion of medical physics outside radiotherapy and to non-radiation physics (ultrasound, medical instrumentation, bioengineering, use of digital computers), developing regional services and links with industry. The seminar finished with a discussion on the changing scene in the 1980s, covering topics such as funding, academic and undergraduate medical physics, imaging, CT, NMR and others. Participants included Mr Tom Ashton, Dr Barry Barber, Professors Roland Blackwell and Terence Burlin, Dr Joseph Blau, Mr Bob (John) Burns, Professors John Clifton, David Delpy, Philip Dendy and Jack Fowler, Dr Jean Guy, Mr John Haggith, Drs John Haybittle, Alan Jennings and John Law, Professors John Mallard and Joe McKie, Mr David Murnaghan, Professor Angela Newing, Dr Sydney Osborn, Professor Rodney Smallwood, Dr Adrian Thomas, Dr Peter Tothill, Mr Theodore Tulley, Professors Peter Wells and John West, and Mr John Wilkinson. Christie D A, Tansey E M. (eds) (2006) Development of physics applied to medicine in the UK, 1945–90, Wellcome Witnesses to Twentieth Century Medicine, vol. 28. London: The Wellcome Trust Centre for the History of Medicine at UCL.The Wellcome Trust Centre for the History of Medicine at UCL is funded by the Wellcome Trust, which is a registered charity, no. 210183

Maternal Care

This is the edited transcript of a Witness Seminar held at the Wellcome Institute for the History of Medicine, London, on 6 June 2000. First published by the Wellcome Trust Centre for the History of Medicine at UCL, 2001.©The Trustee of the Wellcome Trust, London, 2001. All volumes are freely available online at: www.history.qmul.ac.uk/research/modbiomed/wellcome_witnesses/Annotated and edited transcript of a Witness Seminar held on 6 June 2000. Introduction by Dr Hilary Marland, University of Warwick.Annotated and edited transcript of a Witness Seminar held on 6 June 2000. Introduction by Dr Hilary Marland, University of Warwick.Annotated and edited transcript of a Witness Seminar held on 6 June 2000. Introduction by Dr Hilary Marland, University of Warwick.Annotated and edited transcript of a Witness Seminar held on 6 June 2000. Introduction by Dr Hilary Marland, University of Warwick.In June 2000 a distinguished group of obstetricians, midwives, general practitioners, and medical statisticians came together to discuss maternal care. Chaired by Professor James Drife from Leeds, discussion ranged over many topics, including: the changing role of the obstetrician, general practitioners, and the increasing status and responsibility of midwives. Other subjects include the induction of labour, obstetric analgesia and anaesthesia, and debates about the place and kind of delivery that women wanted. Among those who attended and contributed were: Ms Beverley Beech, Dr Michael Bull, Sir Iain Chalmers, Professor Geoffrey Chamberlain, Ms Mary Cronk, Professor Peter Dunn, Ms Chloe Fisher, Mrs Caroline Flint, Ms Rosemary Jenkins, Dr Irvine Loudon, Professor Alison Macfarlane, Professor Lesley Page, Mr Roger Peel, Mr Elliot Philipp, Mrs Wendy Savage, Mrs Vicky Tinsley, Dame Margaret Wheeler and Professor Charles Whitfield. Christie D A, Tansey E M. (eds) (2001) Maternal care, Wellcome Witnesses to Twentieth Century Medicine, vol. 12. London: The Wellcome Trust Centre for the History of Medicine at UCL.The Wellcome Trust Centre for the History of Medicine at UCL is funded by the Wellcome Trust, which is a registered charity, no. 210183

Clinical Research in Britain 1950-1980

Edited transcript of a Witness Seminar held at the Wellcome Institute for the History of Medicine, London, on 9 June 1998. First published by the Wellcome Trust, 2000. ©The Trustee of the Wellcome Trust, London, 2000. All volumes are freely available online at www.history.qmul.ac.uk/research/modbiomed/wellcome_witnesses/Annotated and edited transcript of a Witness Seminar held on 9 June 1998. Introduction by Dr David Gordon.Annotated and edited transcript of a Witness Seminar held on 9 June 1998. Introduction by Dr David Gordon.Annotated and edited transcript of a Witness Seminar held on 9 June 1998. Introduction by Dr David Gordon.Annotated and edited transcript of a Witness Seminar held on 9 June 1998. Introduction by Dr David Gordon.What is clinical research? The growth of clinical research in the UK since the Second World War is examined, including the 1953 Cohen Report and the subsequent creation of the Medical Research Council’s Clinical Research Board. Lord Walton of Detchant, as Chairman, guided the discussion on the inter-relationships between the MRC, the NHS, the Royal Colleges, other professional bodies and other funding organizations. Among other issues were the changes imposed by Government policy over the period, the influence of the early clinical research fellowships, growth of clinical career structures, planning of the Clinical Research Centre at Northwick Park, the tropical research units, and the effects of the Rothschild and Dainton reports on funding for clinical research and the role of the Chief Scientist. Participants include: Sir Douglas Black, Sir John Gray, Sir Raymond Hoffenberg, Dr Sheila Howarth, Professor Peter Lachmann, Sir Patrick Nairne, Professor Sir Stanley Peart and Dr Peter Williams. Reynolds L A, Tansey E M. (eds) (2000) Clinical research in Britain, 1950–1980, Wellcome Witnesses to Twentieth Century Medicine, vol. 7. London: The Wellcome Trust.The Wellcome Trust is a registered charity, no. 210183

Cholesterol, Atherosclerosis and Coronary Disease in the UK, 1950–2000.

Annotated and edited transcript of a Witness Seminar held on 8 March 2005. Introduction by Dr Nick Myant, Hammersmith Hospital, London.First published by the Wellcome Trust Centre for the History of Medicine at UCL, 2006. ©The Trustee of the Wellcome Trust, London, 2006. All volumes are freely available online at: www.history.qmul.ac.uk/research/modbiomed/wellcome_witnesses/Annotated and edited transcript of a Witness Seminar held on 8 March 2005. Introduction by Dr Nick Myant, Hammersmith Hospital, London.Annotated and edited transcript of a Witness Seminar held on 8 March 2005. Introduction by Dr Nick Myant, Hammersmith Hospital, London.Annotated and edited transcript of a Witness Seminar held on 8 March 2005. Introduction by Dr Nick Myant, Hammersmith Hospital, London.Annotated and edited transcript of a Witness Seminar held on 8 March 2005. Introduction by Dr Nick Myant, Hammersmith Hospital, London.Annotated and edited transcript of a Witness Seminar held on 8 March 2005. Introduction by Dr Nick Myant, Hammersmith Hospital, London.Annotated and edited transcript of a Witness Seminar held on 8 March 2005. Introduction by Dr Nick Myant, Hammersmith Hospital, London.Cholesterol began to be accepted after the Second World War as a significant cause of atherosclerosis and associated conditions such as coronary heart disease (CHD). This Witness Seminar, chaired by Professor Michael Oliver, included a discussion of the basic research on cholesterol. Early epidemiological studies demonstrated the relationship between excess saturated fat consumption and elevated levels of cholesterol, although cholesterol alone did not explain all population differences. Work on lipoprotein metabolism pointed to hypercholesterolaemia as one of, if not the major, risk factors for CHD, culminating in the development of cholesterol-lowering drugs, particularly the successful statins, available in the UK from the 1980s, and confirmed by randomized controlled trials. The role of diet in heart disease had always been controversial in the UK, and although extreme diets could reduce cholesterol, patient conformity remains difficult. Later, recommended limits on the composition of dietary fat were agreed, assisted by the food industry's introduction of functional foods such as cholesterol-lowering margarine. An introduction by Dr Nick Myant and appendices, on the diet-heart hypothesis by Professor Gerry Shaper and the development of lovastatin by Dr Jonathan Tobert, compliment the transcript. Contributors include Professor David Barker, Professor John Betteridge, Professor Gustav Born, Professor Richard Bruckdorfer, Professor George Davey Smith, Professor Paul Durrington, Professor David Galton, Dr Arthur Hollman, Professor Steve Humphries Professor Gordon Lowe, Professor Vincent Marks, Dr Paul Miller, Professor Jerry Morris, Professor Chris Packard, Professor Stuart Pocock, Professor Kalevi Pyörälä, Professor Thomas Sanders, Professor James Scott, Dr Elspeth Smith, Professor Anne Soutar, Professor Gilbert Thompson, Professor Hugh Tunstall-Pedoe, Professor Neville Woolf and Professor John S Yudkin. Reynolds L A, Tansey E M. (eds) (2006) Cholesterol, atherosclerosis and coronary disease in the UK, 1950–2000, Wellcome Witnesses to Twentieth Century Medicine, vol. 27. London: The Wellcome Trust Centre for the History of Medicine at UCL.The Wellcome Trust Centre for the History of Medicine at UCL is funded by the Wellcome Trust, which is a registered charity, no. 210183

The case for transforming the approach to waste, and growing a circular economy; a design perspective.

In recent years, there has been a growing discussion of resource efficiency, the ‘circular economy’ and the economic and environmental benefits of maximising the value of resources beyond the life of a product. This Environmental Audit Committee inquiry was initiated to examine the case for transforming the approach to waste, and growing a 'circular economy'. This is an evidence paper published online at http://www.publications.parliament.uk/pa/cm201415/cmselect/cmenvaud/214/21411.htm A full transcript of the inquiry is available at http://data.parliament.uk/writtenevidence/committeeevidence.svc/evidencedocument/environmental-audit-committee/growing-a-circular-economy/oral/9635.html

The Recent History of Platelets in Thrombosis and Other Disorders

The transcript of a Witness Seminar held by the Wellcome Trust Centre for the History of Medicine at UCL, London, on 25 November 2003. Introduction by Professor Tom Meade, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine.First published by the Wellcome Trust Centre for the History of Medicine at UCL, 2005. ©The Trustee of the Wellcome Trust, London, 2005. All volumes freely available following the links to publications and Wellcome Witnesses at www.ucl.ac.uk/histmed.Annotated and edited transcript of a Witness Seminar held on 25 November 2003. Introduction by Professor Tom Meade, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine.Annotated and edited transcript of a Witness Seminar held on 25 November 2003. Introduction by Professor Tom Meade, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine.Annotated and edited transcript of a Witness Seminar held on 25 November 2003. Introduction by Professor Tom Meade, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine.Annotated and edited transcript of a Witness Seminar held on 25 November 2003. Introduction by Professor Tom Meade, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine.Annotated and edited transcript of a Witness Seminar held on 25 November 2003. Introduction by Professor Tom Meade, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine.Annotated and edited transcript of a Witness Seminar held on 25 November 2003. Introduction by Professor Tom Meade, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine.The recent history of research on platelets and its applications in medicine started with the introduction of ex vivo methods for studying platelet behaviour. The Witness Seminar held on 25 November 2003, chaired by Professor Tom Meade, considered the detailed study of platelets starting with the recognition of their role in haemostasis, both in thrombotic and bleeding disorders . Professor Gustav Born described his research and the invention and development of the optical aggregometer that bears his name. Other topics included the biochemistry and function of platelets ; the platelet release reaction and the effect of aspirin on it ; the Nobel Prize-winning discovery by Sir John Vane of how aspirin inhibits the natural production of prostaglandins; and results of randomized controlled trials of aspirin and other thrombolytic drugs for the prevention of thrombotic conditions. An appendix includes a discussion of the streptokinase trials, 1986-96, from the unpublished Witness Seminar meeting on Thrombolysis held on 28 January 2003, chaired by Professor Brian Pentecost. Participants : Dr Y S [Mick] Bakhle, Sir Christopher Booth, Professor Donald Chambers, Professor John Dickinson, Professor Peter Elwood, Professor Rod Flower, Professor Alison Goodall, Professor John Hampton, Professor Michael Harrison, Professor Stan Heptinstall, Dr Peter Hunter, Dr Peter MacCallum, Dr Marty Mahaut-Smith, Professor Salvador Moncada, Professor Michael Oliver, Professor Clive Page, Professor Sir Stanley Peart, Professor Colin Prentice, Professor Peter Richardson, Dr Stewart Sage, and Dr Duncan Thomas; and from Thrombolysis, Dr Hewan Dewar, the late Sir Richard Doll, Professor John Hampton, Dr Arthur Hollman, Professor Desmond Julian, Dr Robin Norris, Professor Tom Quinn, Dr Roger Smith, and Professor Andrew Stevens. Reynolds L A, Tansey E M. (eds) (2005) The Recent history of platelets in thrombosis and other disorders, Wellcome Witnesses to Twentieth Century Medicine, vol. 23. London: The Wellcome Trust Centre for the History of Medicine at UCL.The Wellcome Trust Centre for the History of Medicine at UCL is funded by the Wellcome Trust,which is a registered charity, no. 210183

The Philip D. Reed Lecture Series: Judicial Records Forum

This Panel Discussion of the Judicial Records Forum was held on June 4, 2014, at Fordham University School of Law. The Judicial Records Forum focuses on issues involving the creation and management of judicial records and access to judicial records in the digital age. The transcript of the Panel Discussion has been lightly edited and represents the panelists’ individual views only, and in no way reflects those of their affiliated firms, organizations, law schools, or the judiciary

The Resurgence of Breastfeeding, 1975-2000

Annotated and edited transcript of a Witness Seminar held on 24 April 2007. Introduction by Professor Rima Apple, University of Wisconsin-Madison.First published by the Wellcome Trust Centre for the History of Medicine at UCL, 2009.©The Trustee of the Wellcome Trust, London, 2009.All volumes are freely available online at: www.history.qmul.ac.uk/research/modbiomed/wellcome_witnesses/Annotated and edited transcript of a Witness Seminar held on 24 April 2007. Introduction by Professor Rima Apple, University of Wisconsin-Madison.Annotated and edited transcript of a Witness Seminar held on 24 April 2007. Introduction by Professor Rima Apple, University of Wisconsin-Madison.Annotated and edited transcript of a Witness Seminar held on 24 April 2007. Introduction by Professor Rima Apple, University of Wisconsin-Madison.Annotated and edited transcript of a Witness Seminar held on 24 April 2007. Introduction by Professor Rima Apple, University of Wisconsin-Madison.As breast-milk substitutes became iAs breast-milk substitutes became increasingly sophisticated and heavily marketed in the mid-twentieth century, bottle-feeding became regarded worldwide as safe, convenient, normal and even preferable to breastfeeding. From 1975, research conducted in the developing world, particularly Gambia, began to converge with work on immunology and child psychology to reassert the value of mothers’ own milk. At the same time, growing understanding of physiology, reproductive and developmental biology shifted interest from the composition of infant formulae to the biology of infant feeding. Insights from comparative zoology, dairy science and animal husbandry, shared with research in human lactation and ‘naturalization’ of childbirth all helped to de-medicalize infant feeding. Chaired by Professor Lawrence Weaver, this Witness Seminar was attended by representatives from women’s groups, pressure groups and international organizations, including Baby Milk Action, IBFAN, La Leche League, the National Childbirth Trust, WHO and UNICEF, as well as paediatricians, obstetricians, physiologists, nutritional scientists, zoologists, psychologists and members of industry. The discussion addressed the critical events, scientific advances, and social and political steps that drove the resurgence of breastfeeding, focusing not only on the nutritional science but also on the social context in which the changes took place. Participants included: Mr James Akre, Professor Elizabeth Alder, Mrs Phyll Buchanan, Professor Forrester Cockburn, Ms Rosie Dodds, Mrs Jill Dye, Professor Fiona Dykes, Ms Hilary English, Miss Chloe Fisher, Professor Anna Glasier, Professor Lars Hanson, Dr Elisabet Helsing, Dr Edmund Hey, Professor Peter Howie, Professor Alan McNeilly, Professor Kim Michaelsen, Mrs Rachel O’Leary, Ms Gabrielle Palmer, Professor Malcolm Peaker, Dr Ann Prentice,Professor Mary Renfrew, Mrs Patti Rundall, Ms Ellena Salariya, Dr Felicity Savage, Professor Roger Short, Dr Mary Smale, Dr Alison Spiro, Dr Penny Stanway, Dr Tilli Tansey, Mrs Jenny Warren, Mr John Wells, Professor Brian Wharton, Professor Roger Whitehead, Dr Anthony Williams, Miss Carol Williams and Dr Michael Woolridge. Crowther S M, Reynolds L A, Tansey E M. (eds) (2009) The resurgence of breastfeeding, 1975–2000, Wellcome Witnesses to Twentieth Century Medicine, vol. 35. London: The Wellcome Trust Centre for the History of Medicine at UCL.The Wellcome Trust Centre for the History of Medicine at UCL is funded by the Wellcome Trust, which is a registered charity, no. 210183