52,227 research outputs found

    Die COMPASS-Methodik: COMPAnies and sectors path to sustainability. Unternehmen und Branchen auf dem Weg zur Zukunftsfähigkeit. Zukunftsfähiges Unternehmen (5)

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    -- Sustainable development remains a formidable challenge for the societies of the 21st century. A number of concepts have been put forward on how to reach sustainability at a macro-economic level. These concepts are based on different points of view of economic, social and environmental systems and their behaviour, and derive their legitimacy from economic and environmental theories. An overriding priority of companies attempting to promote sustainability at enterprise and sector level is to translate these broad concepts and the indicators behind into specific concepts and measurable indicators useful in day-to-day business decisions. For companies and sectors it is important to know what kind of targets and actions they will bring on a path to sustainability. That is true for economic targets (high profit, high competitiveness, low investment payback, etc.), as for ecological (high life-cycle wide resource productivity, low toxicity, high biodiversity, low erosion, etc.) and social targets (from employee satisfaction over a low unemployment rate to overall stability in society). Therefore, COMPASS (companies' and sectors'path to sustainability) has been developed to provide decision-makers in a company or sector withsufficient information. COMPASS offers the methodological framework, the instruments and measures to operationalise the normative concept of sustainable development at micro level. The methodology aims at considering economic, ecological and social aspects throughout the whole product system in order to enable decision-makers to optimise processes, products and services towards a sustainable satisfaction of demand. It shows the sustainability performance gaps and helps to communicate possible action to reduce these gaps.COMPASS consists of five elements. Four creative and assessing elements are COMPASSprofile, COMPASSvision, COMPASSanalysis and COMPASSmanagement. The reporting element is the COM-PASSreport.Kleine und mittelständische Unternehmen,multinationale Unternehmen,Branchen,zukunftsfähige Entwicklung,Managementsysteme,MIPS,Ökoeffizienz,Ressourcenmanagement,Faktor 4/10,Humankapital,Sozialmanagement,Wettbewerbsfähigkeit,Profit,Qualifizierung,Kommunikation,dreifache Gewinnstrategie,Innovationen,Small and medium sized companies,multinationals,sustainable development,management systems,MIPS,eco-efficiency,resource management,factor 4/10,human resources,social management,competitiveness,profits,qualification,communication,triple win strategy,innovation

    Comparative life cycle assessment of lighting systems and road pavements in an Italian twin- tube road tunnel

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    This work calculates and discusses the Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) of four scenarios composed of two types of road pavements and two types of lighting systems to be built in an Italian twin-tube road tunnel. A 20-year time horizon is adopted to assess the burdens of construction and maintenance of both flexible and rigid pavements and high-pressure sodium (HPS) and lightemitting diode (LED) lamps, traffic, and switching on of lamps. All considered scenarios are comparable with each other in terms of technical performances, but significantly differ regarding their environmental consequences. The geometrical and technical characteristics of the examined scenarios comply with current Italian standards for highways. In all the examined cases, LCA is carried out according to the European standard, EN 15804, and includes 19 impact categories (IC). The analysis demonstrates that the use of more reflecting surface pavement materials (i.e., concrete vs. asphalt) and more performing lighting systems (i.e., LED vs. HPS) can effectively mitigate the deleterious burdens related to road construction, maintenance, and use. For most of the examined ICs, the most environment-friendly scenario has LED lamps and concrete pavement

    Forschungslandschaft biotische Rohstoffe: Unternehmen und Branchen auf dem Weg zur Nachhaltigkeit (COMPASS)

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    Sustainable production and the sustainable use of biotic resources have becomeincreasingly significant. This results in the demand by society for a sustainable useof biotic resources especially within the nutrition sector. But also their use for industrial purposes had led research and development being given the task to support our economy with conceptional ideas.In this respect, the Working Group Eco-Efficiency & Sustainable Enterprises at theWuppertal Institute with Dr. Christa Liedtke as head, has developed a research landscape that gives a general overview of the theme of biotic resources - their sustainable production and use. The working group defines aims of research andlists urgent and current research tasks on a macro (politico-economically), meso (branches) and micro (enterprises and production) level. It is necessary to take onthe challenge that a future sustainable development presents for us. That is to realizeecologically, socially and economically a triple gain strategy along the three pillars of sustainability - to save resources, to create wealth and to strengthencompetitiveness.To implement this strategy the Working Group Eco-Efficiency and Sustainable Enterprises has developed the methodology tool of COMPASS (COMPAnies and Sectors' Path to Sustainability). Its aim is the system-embracing optimization ofsingle process chains, of products and services considering ecological, social and economic aspects. This methodology has already been implemented in various otherbranches and enterprises and it is now necessary to further adopt, test andspecifically develop COMPASS as a decision tool in the vast area of production anduse of biotic resources.This is done in a dialogue- and practice oriented way and inclose co-operation with all actors of the corresponding production lines. Generalworking themes that the Working Group will concentrate on in future deal with theproduct lines food products and products from renewable resources as follows:Identification of the ecological, economic and social targets of sustainability and aclassification of frameworks, obstacles and supporting aspects of sustainabledevelopment Identification of main material flows and severest pollution, of areas of highestmaterial turnover and of most significant social impacts within the area ofnutrition and use of renewable resources --

    The availability of land for perennial energy crops in Great Britain

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    This paper defines the potentially available land for perennial energy crops across Great Britain as the first component of a broader appraisal undertaken by the ‘Spatial Modelling of Bioenergy in Great Britain to 2050’ project. Combining data on seven primary constraints in a GIS reduced the available area to just over 9 M ha (40% of GB). Adding other restrictions based on land cover naturalness scores to represent landscape considerations resulted in a final area of 8.5 M ha (37% of GB). This distribution was compared with the locations of Miscanthus and SRC willow established under the English Energy Crop Scheme during 2001–2011 and it was found that 83% of the planting fell within the defined available land. Such a correspondence provides confidence that the factors considered in the analysis were broadly consistent with previous planting decisions

    The Hut on the Garden Plot - Informal Architecture in Twentieth-Century Berlin

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    In Berlin, self-built huts and sheds were a part of the urban fabric for much of the twentieth century. They started to proliferate after the First World War and were particularly common after the Second World War, when many Berliners had lost their homes in the bombings. These unplanned buildings were, ironically, connected to one of the icons of German orderliness: the allotment. Often depicted as gnome-adorned strongholds of petty bourgeois virtues, garden plots were also the site of mostly unauthorized architecture and gave rise to debates about public health and civic order. This paper argues that the evolution and subsequent eradication of informal architecture was an inherent factor in the formation of the modern, functionally separated city. Modern Berlin evolved from a struggle between formal and informal, regulation and unruliness, modernization and pre-modern lifestyles. In this context, the ambivalent figure of the allotment dweller, who was simultaneously construed as a dutiful holder of rooted-to-the-soil values and as a potential threat to the well-ordered urban environment, evidences the ambiguity of many conceptual foundations on which the modern city was built

    Formen der Moderne. Neues Bauen im Land Brandenburg

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    Der Kohlenstoffgehalt in Holz- und Papierprodukten: Herleitung und Umrechnungsfaktoren

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    [Einführung] Kohlenstoff ist ein zentraler Baustein bei der Produktion von nachwachsenden Rohstoffen. Bei Holz ist Kohlenstoff mit einem Massenanteil von etwa 50 % der wichtigste Baustein. Vor allen Dingen die Möglichkeit, Kohlenstoff in Holz und holzbasierten Produkten auch langfristig zu binden, ist im Rahmen des Klimaschutzes von besonderer Bedeutung. Die Höhe des Kohlenstoffanteils in holzbasierten Produkten kann jedoch je nach Art des Produktes und des Herstellungsprozesses sehr stark variieren. Während bei Roh- oder Schnittholz der (holzbasierte) Kohlenstoffgehalt seiner natürlichen Akkumulation während des Baumwachstums entspricht, kann er bei Produkten, die neben Holz auch aus anderen Materialien bestehen, deutlich unterschiedlich sein. Durch detaillierte Kenntnis des holzbasierten Kohlenstoffgehalts in den verschiedensten Produkten ist es möglich, Handels- und Verbrauchsmengen zu ermitteln. Die Bindung des Kohlenstoffs in den Produkten ist eine wichtige Informationsgrundlage bei Betrachtungen der Kohlenstoff-Speicherleistung von Holzprodukten. Am Thünen-Institut für Internationale Waldwirtschaft und Forstökonomie werden seit vielen Jahren Holzbilanzen für die Bundesrepublik Deutschland erstellt, die Aufkommen, Handel und Verwendung von holzbasierten Produkten darstellen (z. B. Seintsch und Weimar 2013). Als einheitliche Bezugsgröße für alle Produkte werden für die Holzbilanzen alle Warenströme in die Einheit Kubikmeter Rohholzäquivalent (m3 (r)) umgerechnet. Das Rohholzäquivalent beschreibt, wie viele Einheiten Rohholz – bei Berücksichtigung von Ausbeuteverlusten – für die Herstellung einer Einheit der jeweiligen holzbasierten Roh-, Halb- oder Fertigware erforderlich sind. Die Ermittlung des Kohlenstoffgehalts in den unterschiedlichen holzbasierten Produkten über den Kohlenstofffaktor Holz (C-FaktorHolz) wiederum ermöglicht neben der Erstellung einer Holzbilanz in der Einheit Kubikmeter Rohholzäquivalent ebenfalls eine holzbasierte Kohlenstoffbilanz für Deutschland. Die Zielsetzung dieser Arbeit ist es, den spezifischen Kohlenstoffgehalt aller holzbasierten Waren zu ermitteln, die bislang für die Erstellung der Holzbilanzen herangezogen wurden. Daher liegt der Fokus dieser Arbeit auf den Gütern, wie sie für den Außenhandel definiert sind. Im folgenden Kapitel werden zunächst einige grundlegende Erläuterungen zu den verwendeten Daten und zur Berechnungsmethodik vorgenommen. Im dritten Kapitel werden die Berechnungen zum Kohlenstoffgehalt der einzelnen Waren im Detail dargestellt

    Schwache Auslandsnachfrage dämpft Konjunktur in Nordrhein-Westfalen: Konjunkturbericht Nordrhein-Westfalen 2012. Vorläufige Fassung

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    Gutachten im Auftrag des Ministeriums für Wirtschaft, Energie, Bauen, Wohnen und Verkehr des Landes Nordrhein-Westfalen
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