140,507 research outputs found
Simulations of thermally broadened HI Lya absorption arising in the warm-hot intergalactic medium
Recent far-ultraviolet (FUV) absorption line measurements of low-redshift
quasars have unveiled a population of intervening broad HI Lya absorbers (BLAs)
with large Doppler parameters (b> 40 km/s). If the large width of these lines
is dominated by thermal line broadening, the BLAs may trace highly-ionized gas
in the warm-hot intergalactic medium (WHIM) in the temperature range T ~
10^5-10^6 K, a gas phase that is expected to contain a large fraction of the
baryons at low redshift. In this paper we use a hydrodynamical simulation to
study frequency, distribution, physical conditions, and baryon content of the
BLAs at z=0. From our simulated spectra we derive a number of BLAs per unit
redshift of (dN/dz)_BLA ~ 38 for HI absorbers with log (N(cm^-2)/b(km/s))>10.7,
b>40 km/s, and log N(HII)<20.5. The baryon content of these systems is
Omega_b(BLA)=0.0121/h_65, which represents ~25 percent of the total baryon
budget in our simulation. Our results thus support the idea that BLAs represent
a significant baryon reservoir at low redshift. BLAs predominantly trace
shock-heated collisionally ionized WHIM gas at temperatures log T~4.4-6.2.
About 27 percent of the BLAs in our simulation originate in the photoionized
Lya forest (log T<4.3) and their large line widths are determined by
non-thermal broadening effects such as unresolved velocity structure and
macroscopic turbulence. Our simulation implies that for a large-enough sample
of BLAs in FUV spectra it is possible to obtain a reasonable approximation of
the baryon content of these systems solely from the measured HI column
densities and b values.Comment: 11 pages, 8 figures; minor modifications; accepted for publication in
A&
Biology of nesting sea turtles along the Florida panhandle
The purpose of this study was to determine how the dynamic system off Cape San Blas affects its unique group of
nesting sea turtles. We assessed:
1. changes in beach topography,
2. changes in offshore topography,
3. current flows and direction,
4. tidal patterns,
5. sand composition and origin,
6. sea turtle nesting pattern, and
7. structure of the sea turtle group nesting along Cape San Blas. (9 page document
The Cape San Blas Ecological Study
Eglin AFB on Cape San Blas consists of approximately 250 acres located about
180 miles east of the main Eglin reservation. This area lies on the S1. Joseph peninsula,
part of a dynamic barrier island chain that extends across the northern Gulf of Mexico.
Due to the natural forces that formed Cape San Blas and those that maintain this area, St.
Joseph Peninsula has experienced severe land form change over time (see GIS land form
change maps). These changes allow for fluctuations in habitat types along Cape San Blas
(see GIS land cover change maps)that influence the floral and faunal species using this
area.
The dynamic environment along Cape San Blasincludes flatwoods, interdunal
swale, rosemary scrub, and beachfront. These habitats support a wide array of species,
including several threatened and endangered species such as the loggerhead sea turtle
(Caretta caretta), PipingPlover (Charadnus melodus), Least Tern (Sterna antillarum),
and Bald Eagle (Haliaeetus leucocephalus). Proper management of these species and their
habitats require knowledge of their abundance and distribution, and the effects
disturbances have on their survival.
In addition to threatened and endangered flora and fauna, Cape San Blas also
supports tourists and recreationists. Although Gulf County is sparsely populated, with
approximately 13,000 inhabitants throughout 578 square miles, summer tourism and heavy
recreational use of beaches for fishing, crabbing, and shelling place continued and
increasing pressure on the natural resources of these areas (Rupert 1991). Gulf County is
also one of the few remaining counties in Florida that permits vehicular traffic on its
beaches, including Cape San Blas. In addition to recreational use of these habitats;EAFB
also uses the area for military missions. Air Force property on Cape San Blas is primarily
used for radar tracking of flying missions over the Gulf of Mexico, although in recent
years it has been used for missile launchings and other various military activities.
To allow continued military and public use of Air Force property while also
protecting the unique flora and fauna of the area,EAFB proposed a characterization of the
resources found along Cape San Blas. A complete inventory of the physical features of the
area included investigating topography, soil chemistry, hydrology, archeology, and the
dynamics of land mass and land cover change over time. Various thematic layers within a
geographic information system (GIS) were used to spatially portray georeferenced data.
Large scale changes over time were assessed using stereo aerial photography. Vegetation
transects, soil samples, elevation transects, an archeological survey, freshwater wells, and
a tidal monitor were used to investigate the remaining features. (247 page document
Lisa Blas: Meet Me at the Mason Dixon
The Schmucker Art Gallery at Gettysburg College is extremely pleased to mount the remarkable series of paintings, photographs, and mixed-media installation by contemporary artist Lisa Blas entitled Meet Me at the Mason Dixon. This exhibition is an official part of Gettysburg area’s 150th Commemoration of the American Civil War as well as Gettysburg College’s Kick-Off event for this significant anniversary. Gettysburg provides an especially appropriate backdrop for the exhibition, as the artist took the history of this “hallowed ground” and its current resonances as the subject of her work. Blas traveled the Gettysburg National Military Park, as well as to the Antietam National Battlefield, the Smithsonian Institution, the National Archives and the Museum of the Confederacy in Richmond, Virginia, among many other sites, to investigate how national identity and cultural myths are shaped in response to this momentous period of American history.
The title of this exhibition, Meet Me at the Mason Dixon, invokes an encounter at a historical boundary line known for centuries of conflict. The Mason-Dixon Line originally was intended to solve a British colonial dispute. Later, it divided the northern from the southern United States based on the legality of slavery, and as such, symbolizes the massive fracturing of the country during the American Civil War. To contemporary artist Lisa Blas, however, the Mason-Dixon emblematizes the tensions implicit in the concept of historical memory. How are traumas witnessed and remembered? What becomes codified as history, and what other narratives are thereby repressed? What age-old divisions haunt us in the present? Blas comprehends such questions as open-ended, visualizing the past as fundamentally, and persistently, conflicted. [excerpt]https://cupola.gettysburg.edu/artcatalogs/1006/thumbnail.jp
Rectangular Full Packed Format for Cholesky's Algorithm: Factorization, Solution and Inversion
We describe a new data format for storing triangular, symmetric, and
Hermitian matrices called RFPF (Rectangular Full Packed Format). The standard
two dimensional arrays of Fortran and C (also known as full format) that are
used to represent triangular and symmetric matrices waste nearly half of the
storage space but provide high performance via the use of Level 3 BLAS.
Standard packed format arrays fully utilize storage (array space) but provide
low performance as there is no Level 3 packed BLAS. We combine the good
features of packed and full storage using RFPF to obtain high performance via
using Level 3 BLAS as RFPF is a standard full format representation. Also, RFPF
requires exactly the same minimal storage as packed format. Each LAPACK full
and/or packed triangular, symmetric, and Hermitian routine becomes a single new
RFPF routine based on eight possible data layouts of RFPF. This new RFPF
routine usually consists of two calls to the corresponding LAPACK full format
routine and two calls to Level 3 BLAS routines. This means {\it no} new
software is required. As examples, we present LAPACK routines for Cholesky
factorization, Cholesky solution and Cholesky inverse computation in RFPF to
illustrate this new work and to describe its performance on several commonly
used computer platforms. Performance of LAPACK full routines using RFPF versus
LAPACK full routines using standard format for both serial and SMP parallel
processing is about the same while using half the storage. Performance gains
are roughly one to a factor of 43 for serial and one to a factor of 97 for SMP
parallel times faster using vendor LAPACK full routines with RFPF than with
using vendor and/or reference packed routines
On the Performance Prediction of BLAS-based Tensor Contractions
Tensor operations are surging as the computational building blocks for a
variety of scientific simulations and the development of high-performance
kernels for such operations is known to be a challenging task. While for
operations on one- and two-dimensional tensors there exist standardized
interfaces and highly-optimized libraries (BLAS), for higher dimensional
tensors neither standards nor highly-tuned implementations exist yet. In this
paper, we consider contractions between two tensors of arbitrary dimensionality
and take on the challenge of generating high-performance implementations by
resorting to sequences of BLAS kernels. The approach consists in breaking the
contraction down into operations that only involve matrices or vectors. Since
in general there are many alternative ways of decomposing a contraction, we are
able to methodically derive a large family of algorithms. The main contribution
of this paper is a systematic methodology to accurately identify the fastest
algorithms in the bunch, without executing them. The goal is instead
accomplished with the help of a set of cache-aware micro-benchmarks for the
underlying BLAS kernels. The predictions we construct from such benchmarks
allow us to reliably single out the best-performing algorithms in a tiny
fraction of the time taken by the direct execution of the algorithms.Comment: Submitted to PMBS1
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