Legislating the First Amendment: A Trio of Recommendations for Lawmakers Targeting Free Expression

This Article offers three recommendations for lawmakers attempting to restrict expression that is presumptively protected by the First Amendment. The proposals include: (1) embracing a \u27\u27prism of protection through which all potential laws affecting expression are filtered prior to drafting; (2) mandating inclusion of sunset clauses in all statutes that may detrimentally impact free expression; and (3) adopting a comprehensive legislative oversight and review process for determining if an expired statute should be renewed, revised or abandoned. Although far from creating what Dean Roscoe Pound more than 100 years ago called a science of legislation, the proposals here nonetheless are designed both to improve legislative quality and to eliminate ineffective, obsolete or rarely used statutes

State of the art and practice in AI in education

Recent developments in Artificial Intelligence (AI) have generated great expectations for the future impact of AI in education and learning (AIED). Often these expectations have been based on misunderstanding current technical possibilities, lack of knowledge about state-of-the-art AI in education, and exceedingly narrow views on the functions of education in society. In this article, we provide a review of existing AI systems in education and their pedagogic and educational assumptions. We develop a typology of AIED systems and describe different ways of using AI in education and learning, show how these are grounded in different interpretations of what AI and education is or could be, and discuss some potential roadblocks on the AIED highway

Opinion mining of Phone Sitting Feature

This report aims to evaluate opinion mining of customers about phone sitting features in cell phones in different brands across the world by using data mining techniques. Therefore, Data for the report has been collected from data scrapping in Qoura which collects opinion of customers. The collected information from the data base has evaluated by using sentiment analysis. The collected information from Qoura transforms the content and extracts data from API’s. In relation to this, information obtains from the research contributed for providing useful information for these features. The collected information from application scrapping has been analysed through sentiment analysis. The application used in this project is python for analysing the data. This working contributed for developing understanding of customer’s feedback on this features through which they get benefited from it. The outcomes of the project provide information that most of the customer provides positive sentiments about Mobile phone sitting features by using data scraping method as this method provide the process of having data in addition On the other hand, negative sentiments of customers specify that they prefer not limit screen time as it support for managing their work. This contributed for developing an understanding of mobile phone sitting feature and to know users consumptions

Using students’ learning style to create effective learning groups in MCSCL environments

Students have different ways for learning and processing information. Some students prefer learning through seeing while others prefer learning through listening; some students prefer doing activities while other prefer reflecting.Some students reason logically, while others reason intuitively, etc. Identifying the learning style of each student, and providing learning content based on these styles represents a good method to enhance the learning quality. However, there are no efforts onhow to detect the students’ learning styles in mobile computer supported collaborative learning (MCSCL) environments. We present in this paper new ways for automatically detecting the learning styles of students in MCSCL environments based on the learning style model of Felder-Silverman. The identified learning styles of students could be then stored and used at anytime toassign each one of them to his/her appropriate learning group

Victorian modern cursive handwriting in West Australian schools

The Victorian Modern Cursive script was introduced to Western Australia as the newly recommended handwriting style in 1990. The choice of this handwriting style, which is a foundation style similar to the Simple Modern Hand (Gourdie, 1981), was based upon the prediction that its use would facilitate the transition from beginners\u27 script to full cursive writing. This assumption has not been tested in West Australian schools and hitherto no evaluation of the new handwriting model has been conducted. This study set out to evaluate and compare the legibility and fluency of cursive writing of a group of Year 3 children who had been taught the Victorian Modern Cursive style since Year 1 with the cursive writing of a group of Year 3 children who had previously been instructed in manuscript. The subjects were 60 randomly selected children from six schools in the Perth Metropolitan area. The sample contained an equal number of boys and girls and left- and right-handed children in each group. The children were individually rated for fluency of writing behaviours (posture, pencil hold, paper position and writing movement) as they completed a short writing task. The writing samples were then rated on a 20 point scale based on the criteria of letter formation, spacing, size and alignment and slant and joins. The teachers of the six classes were also interviewed to determine their attitudes toward the new style. It was found that the children in the group who had been learning the Victorian Modern Cursive style since Year 1 (experimental group) produced significantly more legible cursive writing than the group who had previously been instructed in manuscript (control group) [t(58) =3.25,

Inquiry into sexting

This report recommends the introduction of legislation so that minors who make or possess sexually explicit images or video of themselves or their peers cannot be charged with child pornography offences.It is the final report of the Victorian Parliament’s Law Reform Committee\u27s Inquiry into Sexting.During the course of the Inquiry the Committee received 60 written submissions and convened public hearings with 45 witnesses. The Committee also met with key individuals and organisations during overseas consultations. The report is the culmination of all of the evidence presented to the Committee. The report contains 14 recommendations that the Committee believes will protect people from the harms caused by non-consensual sexting. The report also recognises that some sexting between young people should not be treated as child pornography, and recommends that new defences to child pornography offences be introduced to Victorian legislation

The Multimedia activity recall for children and adolescents (MARCA): development and evaluation

BACKGROUND: Self-report recall questionnaires are commonly used to measure physical activity, energy expenditure and time use in children and adolescents. However, self-report questionnaires show low to moderate validity, mainly due to inaccuracies in recalling activity in terms of duration and intensity. Aside from recall errors, inaccuracies in estimating energy expenditure from self-report questionnaires are compounded by a lack of data on the energy cost of everyday activities in children and adolescents. This article describes the development of the Multimedia Activity Recall for Children and Adolescents (MARCA), a computer-delivered use-of-time instrument designed to address both the limitations of self-report recall questionnaires in children, and the lack of energy cost data in children. METHODS: The test-retest reliability of the MARCA was assessed using a sample of 32 children (aged 11.8 ± 0.7 y) who undertook the MARCA twice within 24-h. Criterion validity was assessed by comparing self-reports with accelerometer counts collected on a sample of 66 children (aged 11.6 ± 0.8 y). Content and construct validity were assessed by establishing whether data collected using the MARCA on 1429 children (aged 11.9 ± 0.8 y) exhibited relationships and trends in children's physical activity consistent with established findings from a number of previous research studies. RESULTS: Test-retest reliability was high with intra-class coefficients ranging from 0.88 to 0.94. The MARCA demonstrated criterion validity comparable to other self-report instruments with Spearman coefficients ranging from rho = 0.36 to 0.45, and provided evidence of good content and construct validity. CONCLUSION: The MARCA is a valid and reliable self-report questionnaire, capable of a wide variety of flexible use-of-time analyses related to both physical activity and sedentary behaviour, and offers advantages over existing pen-and-paper questionnaires

Issues in primary mathematics education Computers: Classroom practice and curriculum reform

The advent of an interactive multimedia approach in teaching and learning has opened up yet another horizon to be explored in search of the perceived potential of the computer in primary mathematics education. Benefits promoted have included its use as a motivational aid, the developing of content knowledge and problem solving skills of children of varying abilities, its capacity to support an integrated curriculum, and to assist children in controlling their own learning. Many have doubts about the veracity of these assertions and disagree about the types of appropriate uses of the computer. For classroom teachers, software and hardware availability, degree of professional support and implementation of curriculum recommendations are additional concerns. Perhaps we should not be looking at ways in which the computer as a learning aid should be accommodated within the mathematics curriculum but how it may change the nature of classroom environments and activate curriculum reform in mathematics education