5,352 research outputs found

    Command and Persuade

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    Why, when we have been largely socialized into good behavior, are there more laws that govern our behavior than ever before? Levels of violent crime have been in a steady decline for centuries—for millennia, even. Over the past five hundred years, homicide rates have decreased a hundred-fold. We live in a time that is more orderly and peaceful than ever before in human history. Why, then, does fear of crime dominate modern politics? Why, when we have been largely socialized into good behavior, are there more laws that govern our behavior than ever before? In Command and Persuade, Peter Baldwin examines the evolution of the state's role in crime and punishment over three thousand years. Baldwin explains that the involvement of the state in law enforcement and crime prevention is relatively recent. In ancient Greece, those struck by lightning were assumed to have been punished by Zeus. In the Hebrew Bible, God was judge, jury, and prosecutor when Cain killed Abel. As the state's power as lawgiver grew, more laws governed behavior than ever before; the sum total of prohibited behavior has grown continuously. At the same time, as family, community, and church exerted their influences, we have become better behaved and more law-abiding. Even as the state stands as the socializer of last resort, it also defines through law the terrain on which we are schooled into acceptable behavior. This title is also available in an Open Access edition

    Covid-19 and Capitalism

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    This open access book provides a comprehensive analysis of the socioeconomic determinants of Covid-19. From the end of 2019 until presently, the world has been ravaged by the Covid-19 pandemic. Although the cause of this is (obviously) a virus, the extent to which this virus spread, and therefore the number of infections and deaths, was largely determined by socio-economic factors. From this, it follows that the course of the pandemic varies greatly from one country to another. This observation applies both to countries’ resilience to such a pandemic (which is mainly rooted in the period preceding the outbreak of the virus) and to the way in which countries have reacted to the virus (including the political choices on how to respond). Meanwhile, research has made it clear that the nature of this response (e.g., elimination policy, mitigation policy, and proceeding herd immunity) was, on the one hand, strongly determined by political and ideological factors and, on the other hand, was highly influential in the factors of success or failure in combating the pandemic. The book focuses on the situation in a number of Western regions (notably the USA, the UK, and the EU and its Member States). The author addresses the reasons why in many Western countries both pandemic prevention and response policies to Covid-19 have failed. The book concludes with recommendations concerning the rearrangement of the socio-economic order that could increase the resilience of (Western) societies against such pandemics

    Green Economy and Sustainable Development

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    Considering the importance of the challenges for sustainable development, this Book is intended to disseminate the results of cutting-edge research and broadcast the opinions of scientists from around the world, providing technological breakthroughs in green energy and urbanism, recycling and modernization of basic industries, conducting fundamental research on the economic problems of the transition to sustainable development

    Amherst in the World

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    In celebration of the 200th anniversary of Amherst College, a group of scholars and alumni explore the school’s substantial past in this volume. Amherst in the World tells the story of how an institution that was founded to train Protestant ministers began educating new generations of industrialists, bankers, and political leaders with the decline in missionary ambitions after the Civil War. The contributors trace how what was a largely white school throughout the interwar years begins diversifying its student demographics after World War II and the War in Vietnam. The histories told here illuminate how Amherst has contended with slavery, wars, religion, coeducation, science, curriculum, town and gown relations, governance, and funding during its two centuries of existence. Through Amherst’s engagement with educational improvement in light of these historical undulations, it continually affirms both the vitality and the utility of a liberal arts education

    The Adirondack Chronology

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    The Adirondack Chronology is intended to be a useful resource for researchers and others interested in the Adirondacks and Adirondack history.https://digitalworks.union.edu/arlpublications/1000/thumbnail.jp

    From Analogue to Digital: Reconsidering Copyright And The Exclusive Rights of Authors In An Era Of Technological Change

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    After the First Industrial Revolution, a series of technologies challenged copyright law and pushed the law to accommodate, expand, and develop. Compared with analogue technologies, digital technologies present an even greater challenge to copyright law, which is under pressure to adapt to the rapid changes in the technologies. When digital technology was in its infancy, analogue copyright law was extended to the digital realm and became known as digital copyright law. ‘Digital copyright law’, however, is no more than a tailoring, tinkering and twisting of analogue copyright law, which fits poorly into the new digital environment. In colloquial terms, it is fitting the square digital copyright law into a round digital hole. The digital world is an entirely new environment and digital technology is advancing at an unprecedented rate. There is a need for a new approach to digital copyright law that could accommodate digital technologies for disseminating copyright works in a more realistic manner than the current approach of simply adapting old analogue concepts. Current digital copyright law—a phrase that broadly refers to any provision or regulation dealing with copyright issues in the digital environment—is not consistent with technological developments. Digital technologies continually expand access to digital copyright works, whereas current digital copyright law significantly restricts such access. The approach suggested in this thesis allows content users to freely access digital copyright works while ensuring copyright holders’ adequate remuneration from the works. It is inspired by an existing business model under which users can freely replicate and disseminate (or access) digital copyright works but cannot freely use the works. To accommodate this model, the thesis suggests that current digital copyright law needs to be overhauled

    Rethinking Burlington Area Food Programming for New Americans

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    This study creates four publications in order to improve food security amongst resettled refugees in the Greater Burlington Area. Each publication is intended for a different audience, and together, they are meant to bridge gaps in service providers, food distributors, and case managers’ institutional knowledge. In ten interviews with food distributors and refugee service providers, this investigation evaluates the efficacy and effectiveness of each publication to uncover larger dynamics in New American foodways and food systems. This study finds that serving New American communities through CSA programs is not effective because of families’ discomfort with the up-front payment structure. Instead, it concludes that foraging and fishing programs could improve New American food security because of demonstrated interest and the prevalence of foraging / fishing traditions in newcomers’ countries of origin. Furthermore, there is a huge need for malnutrition treatment in New American communities, which goes completely unaddressed in both the Greater Burlington Area’s food programming as well as national resettlement programs

    Seventh International Joint Conference on Electronic Voting

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    This volume contains papers presented at E-Vote-ID 2022, the Seventh International JointConference on Electronic Voting, held during October 4–7, 2022. This was the first in-personconference following the COVID-19 pandemic, and, as such, it was a very special event forthe community since we returned to the traditional venue in Bregenz, Austria. The E-Vote-IDconference resulted from merging EVOTE and Vote-ID, and 18 years have now elapsed sincethe first EVOTE conference in Austria.Since that conference in 2004, over 1500 experts have attended the venue, including scholars,practitioners, authorities, electoral managers, vendors, and PhD students. E-Vote-ID collectsthe most relevant debates on the development of electronic voting, from aspects relating tosecurity and usability through to practical experiences and applications of voting systems, alsoincluding legal, social, or political aspects, amongst others, turning out to be an importantglobal referent on these issues
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