49,850 research outputs found
Opportunities for Price Manipulation by Aggregators in Electricity Markets
Aggregators are playing an increasingly crucial role in the integration of
renewable generation in power systems. However, the intermittent nature of
renewable generation makes market interactions of aggregators difficult to
monitor and regulate, raising concerns about potential market manipulation by
aggregators. In this paper, we study this issue by quantifying the profit an
aggregator can obtain through strategic curtailment of generation in an
electricity market. We show that, while the problem of maximizing the benefit
from curtailment is hard in general, efficient algorithms exist when the
topology of the network is radial (acyclic). Further, we highlight that
significant increases in profit are possible via strategic curtailment in
practical settings
Catching Cheats: Detecting Strategic Manipulation in Distributed Optimisation of Electric Vehicle Aggregators
Given the rapid rise of electric vehicles (EVs) worldwide, and the ambitious
targets set for the near future, the management of large EV fleets must be seen
as a priority. Specifically, we study a scenario where EV charging is managed
through self-interested EV aggregators who compete in the day-ahead market in
order to purchase the electricity needed to meet their clients' requirements.
With the aim of reducing electricity costs and lowering the impact on
electricity markets, a centralised bidding coordination framework has been
proposed in the literature employing a coordinator. In order to improve privacy
and limit the need for the coordinator, we propose a reformulation of the
coordination framework as a decentralised algorithm, employing the Alternating
Direction Method of Multipliers (ADMM). However, given the self-interested
nature of the aggregators, they can deviate from the algorithm in order to
reduce their energy costs. Hence, we study the strategic manipulation of the
ADMM algorithm and, in doing so, describe and analyse different possible attack
vectors and propose a mathematical framework to quantify and detect
manipulation. Importantly, this detection framework is not limited the
considered EV scenario and can be applied to general ADMM algorithms. Finally,
we test the proposed decentralised coordination and manipulation detection
algorithms in realistic scenarios using real market and driver data from Spain.
Our empirical results show that the decentralised algorithm's convergence to
the optimal solution can be effectively disrupted by manipulative attacks
achieving convergence to a different non-optimal solution which benefits the
attacker. With respect to the detection algorithm, results indicate that it
achieves very high accuracies and significantly outperforms a naive benchmark
Bad Data Injection Attack and Defense in Electricity Market using Game Theory Study
Applications of cyber technologies improve the quality of monitoring and
decision making in smart grid. These cyber technologies are vulnerable to
malicious attacks, and compromising them can have serious technical and
economical problems. This paper specifies the effect of compromising each
measurement on the price of electricity, so that the attacker is able to change
the prices in the desired direction (increasing or decreasing). Attacking and
defending all measurements are impossible for the attacker and defender,
respectively. This situation is modeled as a zero sum game between the attacker
and defender. The game defines the proportion of times that the attacker and
defender like to attack and defend different measurements, respectively. From
the simulation results based on the PJM 5 Bus test system, we can show the
effectiveness and properties of the studied game.Comment: To appear in IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid, Special Issue on Cyber,
Physical, and System Security for Smart Gri
Energy security issues in contemporary Europe
Throughout the history of mankind, energy security has been always seen as a means of protection from disruptions of essential energy systems. The idea of protection from disorders emerged from the process of securing political and military control over energy resources to set up policies and measures on managing risks that affect all elements of energy systems. The various systems placed in a place to achieve energy security are the driving force towards the energy innovations or emerging trends in the energy sector.
Our paper discusses energy security status and innovations in the energy sector in European Union (EU). We analyze the recent up-to-date developments of the energy policy and exploitation of energy sources, as well as scrutinize the channels of energy streaming to the EU countries and the risks associated with this energy import. Moreover, we argue that the shift to the low-carbon production of energy and the massive deployment of renewable energy sources (RES) might become the key
issue in ensuring the energy security and independency of the EU from its external energy supplies. Both RES, distributed energy resources (DER) and “green energy” that will be based on the energy efficiency and the shift to the alternative energy supply might change the energy security status quo for the EU
Smart Grid Technologies in Europe: An Overview
The old electricity network infrastructure has proven to be inadequate, with respect to modern challenges such as alternative energy sources, electricity demand and energy saving policies. Moreover, Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) seem to have reached an adequate level of reliability and flexibility in order to support a new concept of electricity network—the smart grid. In this work, we will analyse the state-of-the-art of smart grids, in their technical, management, security, and optimization aspects. We will also provide a brief overview of the regulatory aspects involved in the development of a smart grid, mainly from the viewpoint of the European Unio
Competing Dimensions of Energy Security: An International Perspective
How well are industrialized nations doing in terms of their energy security? Without a standardized set of metrics, it is difficult to determine the extent that countries are properly responding to the emerging energy security challenges related to climate change, growing dependence on fossil fuels, population growth and economic development. In response, we propose the creation of an Energy Security Index to inform policymakers, investors and analysts about the status of energy conditions. Using the United States and 21 other member countries of the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) as an example, and looking at energy security from 1970 to 2007, our index shows that only four countries¡ªBelgium, Denmark, Japan, and the United Kingdom¡ªhave made progress on multiple dimensions of the energy security problem. The remaining 18 have either made no improvement or are less secure. To make this argument, the first section of the article surveys the scholarly literature on energy security from 2003 to 2008 and argues that an index should address accessibility, affordability, efficiency, and environmental stewardship. Because each of these four components is multidimensional, the second section discusses ten metrics that comprise an Energy Security Index: oil import dependence, percentage of alternative transport fuels, on-road fuel economy for passenger vehicles, energy intensity, natural gas import dependence, electricity prices, gasoline prices, sulfur dioxide emissions, and carbon dioxide emissions. The third section analyzes the relative performance of four countries: Denmark (the top performer), Japan (which performed well), the United States (which performed poorly), and Spain (the worst performer). The article concludes by offering implications for policy. Conflicts between energy security criteria mean that advancement along any one dimension can undermine progress on another dimension. By focusing on a 10-point index, public policy can better illuminate such tradeoffs and can identify compensating policies
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