Linguistic argumentation and logic: An alternative method approach in Arabic grammar

Rozprawa podkreśla związek między językową argumentacją a logiką. Argumentacja językowa jest systemem językowym, który stosuje znaczenie wyrażeń ujętych w zdania do zarysowania pełnego znaczenia zdań, w nich bowiem konstytuują się zależności między wyrażeniami. Rzeczywiście, to powiązanie między wyrażeniami wzmacnia całościowe znaczenie począwszy od samych podstaw struktury zdania w logicznym powiązaniu idei. W nim znajduje się relacja między słowami a umysłem, zależna od logiki powiązanych ze sobą wypowiedzi. Aby podkreślić znaczenie przedstawionego wyżej sposobu myślenia, autorka zwraca się ku teorii wczesnej gramatyki arabskiej, ogniskującej się raczej wokół analogii niż anomalii. Nastawienie w systemie na analogię opiera się na podstawowej teorii, która implikuje wspomnianą wyżej relację, choć niektóre współczesne ujęcia odrzucają tę interpretację. W podsumowaniu swojej analizy, autorka uwzględnia podobne teorie gramatyki łacińskiej, które wykazują nastawienie logiczne, będące następstwem powiązania językowej argumentacji z logiką. Konkludując, autorka stwierdza, iż powiązanie słów i logiki okazuje się pojęciem uniwersalnym

Translation theory and practice in the Abbasid era

textThis paper explores the theoretical approaches to translation and the dynamics of language politics during the ʻAbbāsid-era translation movement through the lens of three prominent figures of the ʿAbbāsid era, Ḥunayn ibn Isʹhāq, Mattā bin Yūnus and al-Jāḥiẓ. In conversation with Emily Apter's concept of untranslatability and current concerns about translation into and out of Arabic, this paper examines the cultural implications of claims to translatability and untranslatability. The ʿAbbāsid era presents a particularly useful comparison to the present because rather than being marginal, Arabic was the language of an expanding empire, and also because the ʿAbbāsid era was a kind of 'Golden Age' of translation. The ʿAbbāsid era was an enormously productive period, with translators rendering nearly the entirely corpus of available Greek manuscripts into Arabic. This outpouring of translation activity not only provided an influx of new ideas but provoked a wide-ranging debate among the literati of the time about the possibilities and problems of translation. Examining the figures of al-Jāḥiẓ, Mattā bin Yūnus and Ḥunayn ibn Is'hāq provides a window into this theoretical conversation. Al-Jāḥiẓ, as one of the foremost authorities on Arabic rhetoric, gave voice to more than one view of translation, in part defining Arabic writing as too unique to be translated while elsewhere claiming translations from other languages as the inheritance of the Arab culture. The Aristotelian translator Mattā bin Yūnus provides an example of backlash against translation in which foreign ideas were seen as a threat to Arab identity. Ḥunayn ibn Is'hāq, one of most highly regarded translators of his day, reveals a pragmatic approach to translation which integrated Greek works into Arab society. These three figures reorient the poles of translatability and untranslatability, revealing the potential of both to strengthen hegemony, and show the positive and negative aspects of an Arabocentric and Islamocentric universalism.Middle Eastern Studie

The Ethics of al-Razi

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The Abbasid translation movement in context : contemporary voices on translation

Over the decades, an enormous amount of scholarly work has been devoted to the historical and literary context of the Greek-Arabic translations. Without it, we would not be able to answer vital questions about dating and translators. Analysing the few remaining primary sources we have, it sometimes even allows us to reconstruct details such as addressees and the purpose of particular translations. Textual comparison plays a prominent role in contextualisation, often leading to judgements about a translation's quality and "faithfulness" or "equivalence" to a source text. But there is another aspect of a translation's context that we need to know about before we can assess a particular text: theories or concepts of translation prevalent during the Greek-Arabic translation movement

AWN-similarity: Towards developing free open-source frameworks for measuring Arabic semantic similarity under Windows / Linux operating systems

Arabic is a highly systematic language where its words exhibit elegant and rigorous logic. The field of Arabic word semantic similarity becomes more challenging due to its higher complexity and subtlety. This research is concerned with investigating the development of free open-source frameworks containing packages to calculate the semantic similarity between two Arabic words or concepts. These packages are known as AWN-ConceptSimilarity and AWN-WordSimilarity. The developed packages implement seven semantic similarity algorithms. One of these algorithms was proposed for Arabic and the rest were proposed for English where successfully adapted to Arabic using an Arabic lexical database, Arabic wordnet. The functionality of the developed packages is validated using two-word similarity benchmarks datasets previously produced for Arabic. The results of the validation process indicate that the developed frameworks represent an important contribution to the Arabic semantic similarity field. Moreover, the developed packages are reliable to use and embed them with Arabic researchers' projects for improving or comparing their methodologies

Real Islamic Logic

Four options for assigning a meaning to Islamic Logic are surveyed including a new proposal for an option named "Real Islamic Logic" (RIL). That approach to Islamic Logic should serve modern Islamic objectives in a way comparable to the functionality of Islamic Finance. The prospective role of RIL is analyzed from several perspectives: (i) parallel distributed systems design, (ii) reception by a community structured audience, (iii) informal logic and applied non-classical logics, and (iv) (in)tractability and artificial intelligence