3d crs analysis: a new data-driven optimization strategy for the simultaneous estimate of the eight stacking parameters

We devised a data-driven strategy for the simultaneous estimate of the eight CRS traveltime attributes, solving a global non-linear minimization problem without the need of computing gradients. The essential elements in this Eni research and development activity are the following: a conjugate-direction method supported by well known convergence properties and an iterative line-search implementing the strong Wolfe-Powell rule for the control of the steplength. The resulting algorithm can reach very good solutions in presence of many local minima.3284-329

Time-varying Huygens' meta-devices for parametric waves

Huygens' metasurfaces have demonstrated almost arbitrary control over the shape of a scattered beam, however, its spatial profile is typically fixed at fabrication time. Dynamic reconfiguration of this beam profile with tunable elements remains challenging, due to the need to maintain the Huygens' condition across the tuning range. In this work, we experimentally demonstrate that a time-varying metadevice which performs frequency conversion can steer transmitted or reflected beams in an almost arbitrary manner, with fully dynamic control. Our time-varying Huygens' metadevice is made of both electric and magnetic meta-atoms with independently controlled modulation, and the phase of this modulation is imprinted on the scattered parametric waves, controlling their shapes and directions. We develop a theory which shows how the scattering directionality, phase and conversion efficiency of sidebands can be manipulated almost arbitrarily. We demonstrate novel effects including all-angle beam steering and frequency-multiplexed functionalities at microwave frequencies around 4 GHz, using varactor diodes as tunable elements. We believe that the concept can be extended to other frequency bands, enabling metasurfaces with arbitrary phase pattern that can be dynamically tuned over the complete 2\pi range