5,130 research outputs found

    Towards quantum-chemical method development for arbitrary basis functions

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    We present the design of a flexible quantum-chemical method development framework, which supports employing any type of basis function. This design has been implemented in the light-weight program package molsturm, yielding a basis-function-independent self-consistent field scheme. Versatile interfaces, making use of open standards like python, mediate the integration of molsturm with existing third-party packages. In this way both rapid extension of the present set of methods for electronic structure calculations as well as adding new basis function types can be readily achieved. This makes molsturm well-suitable for testing novel approaches for discretising the electronic wave function and allows comparing them to existing methods using the same software stack. This is illustrated by two examples, an implementation of coupled-cluster doubles as well as a gradient-free geometry optimisation, where in both cases, an arbitrary basis functions could be used. molsturm is open-source and can be obtained from https://molsturm.org.Comment: 15 pages and 7 figure

    Inaugural Research Symposium

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    Inaugural Research Symposium 201

    Letters to Messages – A Toolkit for Improved Visual Communication

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    The basis of this thesis was to solve a design problem: irrational and misleading visuals. Students of visual arts are increasingly expected to create visual presentations of their work. In-depth knowledge is not unconditionally essential for these students, however, it does bring a big advantage and reinforces other visual skills. This thesis aims to inspire, educate and assist anyone who is using visual communication, but lacks formal training in graphic design. The aesthetic goal of this thesis is to bring out the beauty of functional, smart and witty design. Presented in the form of a book, the thesis discusses all stages in the process of creating visual communication – starting from the initial ideation, moving on through style choices, assembly of the elements into a finished end product, and its destination context. The main conclusions to be drawn are related to context, interpretation and usability. The context – as final usage environment and pre-existent background of the audience – should be considered a defining factor throughout the process. Interpretation of visual communication is always subjective and affected by e.g. the viewer’s mindset, cultural background and personal taste. Visual interpretation is based on perception of properties, and encoding should include all elements of the entity. These theories are communicated through illustrations, which show the practical consequences of decisions in the process by giving comparisons. The reader will achieve better visuals through an understanding of perception and interpretation. In addition to illustrations offering comparisons, the book also includes some association exercises to support the rational design process. The principles of this book can be applied to digital, printed and online work, such as portfolios, posters, publications, presentations and personal marketing material.UtgĂ„ngslĂ€get för denna avhandling var att lösa ett designproblem: irrationell och förvirrande visuell kommunikation. Mera Ă€n tidigare förvĂ€ntas studeranden inom konstĂ€mnen sjĂ€lv framstĂ€lla visuella presentationer av sina arbeten. För dessa studeranden Ă€r det inte nödvĂ€ndigt att ha fördjupade kunskaper i grafisk design, men förstĂ„else för visuell kommunikation Ă€r till en stor fördel och stĂ€rker övrigt visuellt kunnande. Avhandlingens mĂ„lsĂ€ttning Ă€r att inspirera, informera och hjĂ€lpa studeranden som utnyttjar visuell kommunikation, men saknar utbildning i grafisk design. Det estetiska mĂ„let för arbetet Ă€r att att lyfta fram skönheten i praktisk, rationell och klipsk visuell formgivning. Min personliga avsikt var att fĂ„ kompletterande förstĂ„else för Ă€mnet och samtidigt vidareutveckla min professionella identitet samt det egna uttrycket. Avhandlingen, som presenteras i form av en bok, behandlar alla skeden i processen kring att skapa visuell kommunikation, frĂ„n den inledande idĂ©n till stilval, sammanstĂ€llning av elementen till ett fĂ€rdigt arbete och helhetens slutkontext. Semiotik, typografi och komposition presenteras genom en sammanfattning av sju litterĂ€ra verk. De slutsatser som kan dras Ă€r att slutkontexten bör fungera som utgĂ„ngslĂ€ge och motiverande faktor i alla val genom hela processen. Pragmatiska regler bör beaktas ifall det inte Ă€r Ă€ndamĂ„lsenligt och motiverat att skapa spĂ€nning. Tolkning av visuell kommunikation Ă€r alltid subjektivt och pĂ„verkas bland annat av Ă„skĂ„darens instĂ€llning, kulturella bakgrund och personliga smak. Komposition Ă€r relativt, och dĂ€rmed mĂ„ste alla delar av arbetet behandlas individuellt och ses i relation till de övriga delarna. Teorierna kommuniceras via illustrationer, som erbjuder klara jĂ€mförelser av konsekvenserna för de val som ingĂ„r i processen. LĂ€saren fĂ„r redskap för framstĂ€llning av mera Ă€ndamĂ„lsenlig visuell kommunikation genom en bĂ€ttre förstĂ„else för perception och tolkning. Förutom illustrerade jĂ€mförelser erbjuder boken Ă€ven nĂ„gra konkreta associationsövningar som stöder den rationella arbetsprocessen. Bokens innehĂ„ll kan utnyttjas för tryckt, digitalt och internetbaserat material, sĂ„ som portfolier, planscher, publikationer, presentationer och personligt marknadsföringsmaterial. Processen bakom skapandet av boken har varit extremt belönande: bĂ„de det teoretiska innehĂ„llet och det kreativa skapandet erbjöd mĂ„nga insikter och stunder av förtjusning. Fördelarna med lĂ„ngsam bearbetning har förtydligats och arbetet har stĂ€rkt mitt förtroende för formgivningsprocessers fruktsamhet. Boken motsvarar mina vĂ€rderingar som formgivare och utgör ett genuint arbetsprov pĂ„ mitt estetiska uttryck

    URSS Event Program Booklet 2016

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    This event program booklet contains a schedule of the event, list of awards, and student abstracts

    Nonlinear Matrix Approximation with Radial Basis Function Components

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    We introduce and investigate matrix approximation by decomposition into a sum of radial basis function (RBF) components. An RBF component is a generalization of the outer product between a pair of vectors, where an RBF function replaces the scalar multiplication between individual vector elements. Even though the RBF functions are positive definite, the summation across components is not restricted to convex combinations and allows us to compute the decomposition for any real matrix that is not necessarily symmetric or positive definite. We formulate the problem of seeking such a decomposition as an optimization problem with a nonlinear and non-convex loss function. Several modern versions of the gradient descent method, including their scalable stochastic counterparts, are used to solve this problem. We provide extensive empirical evidence of the effectiveness of the RBF decomposition and that of the gradient-based fitting algorithm. While being conceptually motivated by singular value decomposition (SVD), our proposed nonlinear counterpart outperforms SVD by drastically reducing the memory required to approximate a data matrix with the same L2 error for a wide range of matrix types. For example, it leads to 2 to 6 times memory save for Gaussian noise, graph adjacency matrices, and kernel matrices. Moreover, this proximity-based decomposition can offer additional interpretability in applications that involve, e.g., capturing the inner low-dimensional structure of the data, retaining graph connectivity structure, and preserving the acutance of images
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