Development of a goal management system

This thesis describes the development of the Goal Management System (GMS), a computer program designed to support goal­setting, planning and performance monitoring. The particular implementation described here is intended primarily for use in an organisational context. Chapter 2 discusses the treatment of goals as a topic in Artificial Intelligence, Psychology and Management Science. A broadly "knowledge-based" account of goal-related processes is derived from this discussion. Chapter 3 assesses the impact of the "symbols vs. neurons" debate upon the viability of a purely knowledge-based model. It is concluded that knowledge-based paradigms are useful for the description of knowledge structures, but that there are good reasons for assuming that they cannot provide an adequate account of the dynamics of knowledge (that is, the processes by which one structure is transformed into another). Therefore, it is appropriate that a systems designer should solve the problems of modelling structures before tackling the (perhaps insurmountable) problems of modelling dynamics. Chapter A considers the implications of "strategic" vs. "value-driven" models of planning. It is concluded that "value-driven" processing is the norm, while "strategic" processing is the exception, but is more likely to provide an appropriate response to radical changes in the planner's environment. A Goal Management System would support the increasing requirement for a strategic approach. Chapters 5, 6 and 7 describe the detailed design and implementation of the system. Chapter 8 describes a few of the practical applications of the system, and discusses ways in which the design could be improved. It is concluded that the basic design concept is correct, and that there is a useful role for this type of system. Chapter 9 evaluates the project as a whole and suggests directions for future research

Artificial Intelligence in Supply Chain Operations Planning: Collaboration and Digital Perspectives

[EN] Digital transformation provide supply chains (SCs) with extensive accurate data that should be combined with analytical techniques to improve their management. Among these techniques Artificial Intelligence (AI) has proved their suitability, memory and ability to manage uncertain and constantly changing information. Despite the fact that a number of AI literature reviews exist, no comprehensive review of reviews for the SC operations planning has yet been conducted. This paper aims to provide a comprehensive review of AI literature reviews in a structured manner to gain insights into their evolution in incorporating new ICTs and collaboration. Results show that hybrization man-machine and collaboration and ethical aspects are understudied.This research has been funded by the project entitled NIOTOME (Ref. RTI2018-102020-B-I00) (MCI/AEI/FEDER, UE). The first author was supported by the Generalitat Valenciana (Conselleria de Educación, Investigación, Cultura y Deporte) under Grant ACIF/2019/021.Rodríguez-Sánchez, MDLÁ.; Alemany Díaz, MDM.; Boza, A.; Cuenca, L.; Ortiz Bas, Á. (2020). Artificial Intelligence in Supply Chain Operations Planning: Collaboration and Digital Perspectives. IFIP Advances in Information and Communication Technology. 598:365-378. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-62412-5_30S365378598Lezoche, M., Hernandez, J.E., Alemany, M.M.E., Díaz, E.A., Panetto, H., Kacprzyk, J.: Agri-food 4.0: a survey of the supply chains and technologies for the future agriculture. Comput. Ind. 117, 103–187 (2020)Stock, J.R., Boyer, S.L.: Developing a consensus definition of supply chain management: a qualitative study. Int. J. Phys. Distrib. Logistics Manag. 39(8), 690–711 (2009)Min, H.: Artificial intelligence in supply chain management: theory and applications. Int. J. Logistics Res. 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Eng. 594(1) (2019)Cheng, L., Yu, T.: A new generation of AI: a review and perspective on machine learning technologies applied to smart energy and electric power systems. Int. J. Energy Res. 43, 1928–1973 (2019)Seuring, S., Müller, M.: From a literature review to a conceptual framework for sustainable supply chain management. J. Clean. Prod. 16(15), 1699–1710 (2008). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2008.04.020Metaxiotis, K.S., Askounis, D., Psarras, J.: Expert Systems In Production Planning And Scheduling: A State-Of-The-Art Survey. J. Intell. Manuf. 13(4), 253–260 (2002). https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1016064126976Power, Y., Bahri, P.A.: Integration techniques in intelligent operational management: a review. Knowl. Based Syst. 18(2–3), 89–97 (2005). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.knosys.2004.04.009Shen, W., Hao, Q., Yoon, H.J., Norrie, D.H.: Applications of agent-based systems in intelligent manufacturing: an updated review. Adv. Eng. Inform. 20(4), 415–431 (2006). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aei.2006.05.004Kobbacy, K.A.H., Vadera, S., Rasmy, M.H.: AI and OR in management of operations: history and trends. J. Oper. Res. Soc. 58(1), 10–28 (2007). https://doi.org/10.1057/palgrave.jors.2602132Zhang, W.J., Xie, S.Q.: Agent technology for collaborative process planning: a review. Int. J. Adv. Manuf. Technol. 32(3), 315–325 (2007). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00170-005-0345-xIbáñez, O., Cordón, O., Damas, S., Magdalena, L.: A review on the application of hybrid artificial intelligence systems to optimization problems in operations management. In: Corchado, E., Wu, X., Oja, E., Herrero, Á., Baruque, B. (eds.) HAIS 2009. LNCS (LNAI), vol. 5572, pp. 360–367. Springer, Heidelberg (2009). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-02319-4_43Kobbacy, K.A.H., Vadera, S.: A survey of AI in operations management from 2005 to 2009. J. Manuf. Technol. Manag. 22(6), 706–733 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1108/17410381111149602Guo, Z.X., Wong, W.K., Leung, S.Y.S., Li, M.: Applications of artificial intelligence in the apparel industry: a review. Text. Res. J. 81(18), 1871–1892 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1177/0040517511411968Priore, P., Gómez, A., Pino, R., Rosillo, R.: Dynamic scheduling of manufacturing systems using machine learning: an updated review. Artif. Intell. Eng. Des. Anal. Manuf. AIEDAM 28(1), 83–97 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1017/S0890060413000516Renzi, C., Leali, F., Cavazzuti, M., Andrisano, A.: A review on artificial intelligence applications to the optimal design of dedicated and reconfigurable manufacturing systems. Int. J. Adv. Manuf. Technol. 72(1–4), 403–418 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00170-014-5674-1Ngai, E.W.T., Peng, S., Alexander, P., Moon, K.K.L.: Decision support and intelligent systems in the textile and apparel supply chain: an academic review of research articles. Expert Syst. Appl. 41(1), 81–91 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eswa.2013.07.013Rooh, U.A., Li, A., Ali, M.M.: Fuzzy, neural network and expert systems methodologies and applications - a review. J. Mob. Multimedia 11, 157–176 (2015)Bello, O., Teodoriu, C., Yaqoob, T., Oppelt, J., Holzmann, J., Obiwanne, A.: Application of artificial intelligence techniques in drilling system design and operations: a state of the art review and future research pathways. In: Society of Petroleum Engineers - SPE Nigeria Annual International Conference and Exhibition (2016)Arvitrida, N.I.: A review of agent-based modeling approach in the supply chain collaboration context. IOP Conf. Ser. Mater. Sci. Eng. 337(1) (2018). https://doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/337/1/012015Zanon, L.G., Carpinetti, L.C.R.: Fuzzy cognitive maps and grey systems theory in the supply chain management context: a literature review and a research proposal. In: IEEE International Conference on Fuzzy Systems, July 2018, pp. 1–8 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1109/fuzz-ieee.2018.8491473Burggräf, P., Wagner, J., Koke, B.: Artificial intelligence in production management: a review of the current state of affairs and research trends in academia. In: 2018 International Conference on Information Management and Processing, ICIMP 2018, January 2018, pp. 82–88 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1109/icimp1.2018.8325846Diez-Olivan, A., Del Ser, J., Galar, D., Sierra, B.: Data fusion and machine learning for industrial prognosis: trends and perspectives towards Industry 4.0. Inf. Fusion 50, 92–111 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.inffus.2018.10.005Ni, D., Xiao, Z., Lim, M.K.: A systematic review of the research trends of machine learning in supply chain management. Int. J. Mach. Learn. 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Manuf. 31(6), 1531–1558 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10845-019-01531-7Ekramifard, A., Amintoosi, H., Seno, A.H., Dehghantanha, A., Parizi, R.M.: A systematic literature review of integration of blockchain and artificial intelligence. In: Choo, K.-K.R., Dehghantanha, A., Parizi, R.M. (eds.) Blockchain Cybersecurity, Trust and Privacy. AIS, vol. 79, pp. 147–160. Springer, Cham (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-38181-3_8Vrbka, J., Rowland, Z.: Using artificial intelligence in company management. In: Ashmarina, S.I., Vochozka, M., Mantulenko, V.V. (eds.) ISCDTE 2019. LNNS, vol. 84, pp. 422–429. Springer, Cham (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-27015-5_51Leslie, D.: Understanding artificial intelligence ethics and safety: a guide for the responsible design and implementation of AI systems in the public sector. 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PHYRON: cognitive computing for the creation of an innovative Intelligence Experience Center

[EN] This research presents the results of a project called “PHYRON: Cognitive Computing for the creation of an innovative Intelligence Experience Center”, funded by the Basque Government (Economic Development, Sustainability and Environment Department). The project started in April 2019 and it will end in December 2021. Its main objective was to arrange an industrial research about cognitive computing. The main aim was the application of these systems for the development of an Intelligent Experience Center (IExC) to facilitate:  i) enrichment of processes, products and services, in general client experiences, ii) automatic generation of technical predictions related to the product and the client behaviour through the exploitation of acquired knowledge, and iii) rationalization and automation of the processes that are involved in the after sale services both at technical and management level. The technological outcome presented in this paper is built using cognitive engines to enable learning from the client experience, and predictive models to anticipate client necessities.We would like to thank the Basque Government for their support in the development of this project. Special thanks to the Economic Development, Sustainability and Environment Department.Ruiz, M.; Rodriguez, JJ.; Erlaiz, G.; Olibares, I. (2021). PHYRON: cognitive computing for the creation of an innovative Intelligence Experience Center. International Journal of Production Management and Engineering. 9(2):103-112. https://doi.org/10.4995/ijpme.2021.15300OJS10311292Agrawal, A., Gans, J., & Goldfarb, A. (2017). What to expect from artificial intelligence. MIT Sloan Management Review. https://doi.org/10.3386/w24690Biecek, P. (2018). DALEX: explainers for complex predictive models in R. The Journal of Machine Learning Re-search, 19(1), 3245-3249.Bond, A. H., & Gasser, L. (Eds.). (2014). Readings in distributed artificial intelligence. Morgan Kaufmann.Bringsjord, S., & Schimanski, B. (2003, August). What is artificial intelligence? Psychometric AI as an answer. In IJCAI (pp. 887-893).Engelmore, R. S. (1987). Artificial intelligence and knowledge based systems: origins, methods and opportunities for NDE. In Review of Progress in Quantitative Nondestructive Evaluation (pp. 1-20). Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-1893-4_1Goldberg, D. E., & Holland, J. H. (1988). Genetic algorithms and machine learning.Hagberg, J., Sundstrom, M., & Egels-Zandén, N. (2016). The digitalization of retailing: an exploratory frame-work. International Journal of Retail & Distribution Management. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJRDM-09-2015-0140High, R. (2012). The era of cognitive systems: An inside look at IBM Watson and how it works. IBM Corporation, Redbooks, 1-16.Hollnagel, E., & Woods, D. D. (1983). Cognitive systems engineering: New wine in new bottles. 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An Ontological-based Knowledge-Representation Formalism for Case-Based Argumentation

The final publication is available at Springer via http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10796-014-9524-3[EN] In open multi-agent systems, agents can enter or leave the system, interact, form societies, and have dependency relations with each other. In these systems, when agents have to collaborate or coordinate their activities to achieve their objectives, their different interests and preferences can come into conflict. Argumentation is a powerful technique to harmonise these conflicts. However, in many situations the social context of agents determines the way in which agents can argue to reach agreements. In this paper, we advance research in the computational representation of argumentation frameworks by proposing a new ontologicalbased, knowledge-representation formalism for the design of open MAS in which the participating software agents are able to manage and exchange arguments with each other taking into account the agents’ social context. This formalism is the core of a case-based argumentation framework for agent societies. In addition, we present an example of the performance of the formalism in a real domain that manages the requests received by the technicians of a call centre.This work is supported by the Spanish government grants [CONSOLIDER-INGENIO 2010 CSD2007-00022, TIN2011-27652-C03-01, and TIN2012-36586-C03-01] and by the GVA project [PROMETEO II/2013/019].Heras Barberá, SM.; Botti, V.; Julian Inglada, VJ. (2014). An Ontological-based Knowledge-Representation Formalism for Case-Based Argumentation. Information Systems Frontiers. 1-20. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10796-014-9524-3S120Amgoud, L. (2005). An argumentation-based model for reasoning about coalition structures. In 2nd international workshop on argumentation in multi-agent systems, argmas-05(pp. 1–12). Springer.Amgoud, L., Dimopolous, Y., Moraitis, P. (2007). A unified and general framework for argumentation-based negotiation. In 6th international joint conference on autonomous agents and multiagent systems, AAMAS-07. IFAAMAS.Atkinson, K., & Bench-Capon, T. (2008). Abstract argumentation scheme frameworks. In Proceedings of the 13th international conference on artificial intelligence: methodology, systems and applications, AIMSA-08, lecture notes in artificial intelligence (Vol. 5253, pp. 220–234). Springer.Aulinas, M., Tolchinsky, P., Turon, C., Poch, M., Cortés, U. (2012). Argumentation-based framework for industrial wastewater discharges management. Engineering Applications of Artificial Intelligence, 25(2), 317–325.Bench-Capon, T., & Atkinson, K. (2009). Argumentation in artificial intelligence, chap. abstract argumentation and values (pp. 45–64). Springer.Bench-Capon, T., & Sartor, G. (2003). A model of legal reasoning with cases incorporating theories and values. Artificial Intelligence, 150(1-2), 97–143.Bulling, N., Dix, J., Chesñevar, C.I. (2008). Modelling coalitions: ATL + argumentation. In Proceedings of the 7th international joint conference on autonomous agents and multiagent systems, AAMAS-08 (Vol. 2, pp. 681–688). ACM Press.Chesñevar, C., McGinnis, J., Modgil, S., Rahwan, I., Reed, C., Simari, G., South, M., Vreeswijk, G., Willmott, S. (2006). Towards an argument interchange format. The Knowledge Engineering Review, 21(4), 293–316.Diaz-Agudo, B., & Gonzalez-Calero, P.A. (2007). Ontologies: A handbook of principles, concepts and applications in information systems, integrated series in information systems, chap. an ontological approach to develop knowledge intensive cbr systems (Vol. 14, pp. 173–214). Springer.Dung, P.M. (1995). On the acceptability of arguments and its fundamental role in nonmonotonic reasoning, logic programming, and N -person games. Artificial Intelligence, 77, 321–357.Ferber, J., Gutknecht, O., Michel, F. (2004). From agents to organizations: An organizational view of multi-agent systems. In Agent-oriented software engineering VI, LNCS (Vol. 2935, pp. 214–230.) Springer-Verlag.Hadidi, N., Dimopolous, Y., Moraitis, P. (2010). Argumentative alternating offers. In 9th international conference on autonomous agents and multiagent systems, AAMAS-10 (pp. 441–448). IFAAMAS.Heras, S., Atkinson, K., Botti, V., Grasso, F., Julián, V., McBurney, P. (2010). How argumentation can enhance dialogues in social networks. In Proceedings of the 3rd international conference on computational models of argument, COMMA-10, frontiers in artificial intelligence and applications (Vol. 216, pp. 267–274). IOS Press.Heras, S., Botti, V., Julián, V. (2011). On a computational argumentation framework for agent societies. In Argumentation in multi-agent systems (pp. 123–140). Springer.Heras, S., Botti, V., Julián, V. (2012). Argument-based agreements in agent societies. Neurocomputing, 75(1), 156–162.Heras, S., Jordán, J., Botti, V., Julián, V. (2013). Argue to agree: A case-based argumentation approach. International Journal of Approximate Reasoning, 54(1), 82–108.Jordán, J., Heras, S., Julián, V. (2011). A customer support application using argumentation in multi-agent systems. In 14th international conference on information fusion (FUSION-11) (pp. 772– 778).Karunatillake, N.C. (2006). Argumentation-based negotiation in a social context. Ph.D. thesis, School of Electronics and Computer Science, University of Southampton, UK.Karunatillake, N.C., Jennings, N.R., Rahwan, I., McBurney, P. (2009). Dialogue games that agents play within a society. Artificial Intelligence, 173(9-10), 935–981.Kraus, S., Sycara, K., Evenchik, A. (1998). Reaching agreements through argumentation: a logical model and implementation. Artificial Intelligence, 104, 1–69.López de Mántaras, R., McSherry, D., Bridge, D., Leake, D., Smyth, B., Craw, S., Faltings, B., Maher, M.L., Cox, M., Forbus, K., Keane, M., Watson, I. (2006). Retrieval, reuse, revision, and retention in CBR. The Knowledge Engineering Review, 20(3), 215–240.Luck, M., & McBurney, P. (2008). Computing as interaction: Agent and agreement technologies. In IEEE international conference on distributed human-machine systems. IEEE Press.Oliva, E., McBurney, P., Omicini, A. (2008). Co-argumentation artifact for agent societies. In 5th international workshop on argumentation in multi-agent systems, Argmas-08 (pp. 31–46). Springer.Ontañón, S., & Plaza, E. (2007). Learning and joint deliberation through argumentation in multi-agent systems. In 7th international conference on agents and multi-agent systems, AAMAS-07. ACM Press.Ontañón, S., & Plaza, E. (2009). Argumentation-based information exchange in prediction markets. In Argumentation in multi-agent systems, LNAI (vol. 5384, pp. 181–196). Springer.Parsons, S., Sierra, C., Jennings, N.R. (1998). Agents that reason and negotiate by arguing. Journal of Logic and Computation, 8(3), 261–292.Prakken, H. (2010). An abstract framework for argumentation with structured arguments. Argument and Computation, 1, 93–124.Prakken, H., Reed, C., Walton, D. (2005). Dialogues about the burden of proof. In Proceedings of the 10th international conference on artificial intelligence and law, ICAIL-05 (pp. 115–124). ACM Press.Sierra, C., Botti, V., Ossowski, S. (2011). Agreement computing. KI - Künstliche Intelligenz 10.1007/s13218-010-0070-y .Soh, L.K., & Tsatsoulis, C. (2005). A real-time negotiation model and a multi-agent sensor network implementation. Autonomous Agents and Multi-Agent Systems, 11(3), 215–271.Walton, D., Reed, C., Macagno, F. (2008). Argumentation schemes. Cambridge University Press.Wardeh, M., Bench-Capon, T., Coenen, F.P. (2008). PISA - pooling information from several agents: Multiplayer argumentation from experience. In Proceedings of the 28th SGAI international conference on artificial intelligence, AI-2008 (pp. 133–146). Springer.Wardeh, M., Bench-Capon, T., Coenen, F.P. (2009). PADUA: A protocol for argumentation dialogue using association rules. AI and Law, 17(3), 183–215.Wardeh, M., Coenen, F., Bench-Capon, T. (2010). Arguing in groups. In 3rd international conference on computational models of argument, COMMA-10 (pp. 475–486). IOS Press.Willmott, S., Vreeswijk, G., Chesñevar, C., South, M., McGinnis, J., Modgil, S., Rahwan, I., Reed, C., Simari, G. (2006). Towards an argument interchange format for multi-agent systems. In 3rd international workshop on argumentation in multi-agent systems, ArgMAS-06 (pp. 17–34). Springer.Wyner, A., & Schneider, J. (2012). Arguing from a point of view. In Proceedings of the first international conference on agreement technologies

AI and OR in management of operations: history and trends

The last decade has seen a considerable growth in the use of Artificial Intelligence (AI) for operations management with the aim of finding solutions to problems that are increasing in complexity and scale. This paper begins by setting the context for the survey through a historical perspective of OR and AI. An extensive survey of applications of AI techniques for operations management, covering a total of over 1200 papers published from 1995 to 2004 is then presented. The survey utilizes Elsevier's ScienceDirect database as a source. Hence, the survey may not cover all the relevant journals but includes a sufficiently wide range of publications to make it representative of the research in the field. The papers are categorized into four areas of operations management: (a) design, (b) scheduling, (c) process planning and control and (d) quality, maintenance and fault diagnosis. Each of the four areas is categorized in terms of the AI techniques used: genetic algorithms, case-based reasoning, knowledge-based systems, fuzzy logic and hybrid techniques. The trends over the last decade are identified, discussed with respect to expected trends and directions for future work suggested

Intelligent systems in manufacturing: current developments and future prospects

Global competition and rapidly changing customer requirements are demanding increasing changes in manufacturing environments. Enterprises are required to constantly redesign their products and continuously reconfigure their manufacturing systems. Traditional approaches to manufacturing systems do not fully satisfy this new situation. Many authors have proposed that artificial intelligence will bring the flexibility and efficiency needed by manufacturing systems. This paper is a review of artificial intelligence techniques used in manufacturing systems. The paper first defines the components of a simplified intelligent manufacturing systems (IMS), the different Artificial Intelligence (AI) techniques to be considered and then shows how these AI techniques are used for the components of IMS

Coordination approaches and systems - part I : a strategic perspective

This is the first part of a two-part paper presenting a fundamental review and summary of research of design coordination and cooperation technologies. The theme of this review is aimed at the research conducted within the decision management aspect of design coordination. The focus is therefore on the strategies involved in making decisions and how these strategies are used to satisfy design requirements. The paper reviews research within collaborative and coordinated design, project and workflow management, and, task and organization models. The research reviewed has attempted to identify fundamental coordination mechanisms from different domains, however it is concluded that domain independent mechanisms need to be augmented with domain specific mechanisms to facilitate coordination. Part II is a review of design coordination from an operational perspective