Electronic Reverse Auctions: Changing the Balance of Power from Suppliers to Buyers?

This exploratory study investigates whether Electronic Reverse Auctions (ERAs) cause a ‘power shift’ from suppliers to buyers. It is important to develop greater understanding of this emerging issue in ERA literature in order that procurement professionals can benefit from ERA application. A review of the literature identifies bargaining power determinants, forming the basis of a conceptual model. The research explores the balance of power in sourcing processes that utilise ERAs and evaluates the degree to which the power balance is attributable to ERA. Two contrasting case studies, are developed these suggest that ERAs have the potential to increase the power of buying organisations, relative to suppliers, in the sourcing process

Construction collaboration: a QFD approach

The UK Construction industry is a wide ranging complex environment with constantly evolving cultural, technical and organisational dynamics. Collaboration systems are used within that environment to store information and aid construction professionals in dealing, manipulating and completing information vital to projects. There are many collaboration systems available to the construction market, but most are based on versions used in other less similar industries. As a result though the software packages available to work at a level acceptable to the major construction contractors, they are not fully satisfying the customers need. The quality of the software available currently could be improved. Quality Function Deployment (QFD) is a Japanese product development tool developed in the 1960s. It is a quality system for strategic competitiveness; it maximises positive quality that adds value; it seeks out spoken and unspoken customer requirements, translates them into technical requirements, prioritises them and directs the process to optimise those features that will bring the greatest competitive advantage. QFD has been applied largely anonymously to software in the United States of America, and sparingly to construction within the UK. Blitz QFD is a form of QFD that focuses specifically on the essential quality items of the customer. This method could be implemented within the construction industry creating a fully auditable transfer of customer needs to essential software design features. Blitz QFD would be a valuable development methodology in a construction industry that demands faster, user focused project collaboration software where the user's needs are not currently being satisfied

An agent-based approach to intelligent manufacturing network configuration

The participation of small and medium enterprises in inter-firm collaboration can enhance their market reach while maintaining production lean. The conventional centralised collaboration approach is believed to be unsustainable, in today’s complex environment. The research aimed to investigate manufacturing network collaborations, where manufacturers maintain control over their scheduling activities and participate in a market-based event, to decide which collaborations are retained. The work investigated two pairing mechanisms where the intention was to capture and optimise collaboration at the granular level and then build up a network from those intermediate forms of organisation. The research also looked at two bidding protocols. The first protocol involves manufacturers that bid for operations from the process plan of a job. The second protocol is concerned with networks that bid for a job in its entirety. The problem, defined by an industrial use case and operation research data sets, was modelled as decentralised flow shop scheduling. The holonic paradigm identified the problem solving agents that participated in agent-based modelling and simulation of the pairing and the bidding protocols. The protocols are strongly believed to achieve true decentralisation of scheduling, with good performance on scalability, conflict resolution and schedule optimisation, for the purpose of inter-firm collaboration

Understanding dynamic process of emerging ICT adoption in UK service SMEs: an actor-network approach

This thesis is submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirement for the degree of Doctor of PhilosophyAlthough literature reveals that significant efforts have been made to study ICT adoption and diffusion, the diversity of research in terms of theory and methodology is very low. Most studies have relied on traditional adoption theories (e.g., TAM and DOI) and these theories are not capable of providing rich explanantion on how the adoption and post-adoption develop over time. It is argued here that ICT adoption involves multi-dimensional and complex issues. These issues range from how various roles played by actors in emerging ICT are accounted for to ensuring successful adoption. Therefore, this research aims to advance our understanding of emerging ICT adoptions in SMEs from a dynamic process perspective. The specific objectives of this research are to: establish the stages of the dynamic process, identify the key actors and their roles, explore the critical factors affecting the emerging ICT adoption process, identify the challenges and provide recommendations and implications for stakeholders in promoting future adoption and diffusion in UK SMEs. The research adopts a social-technical approach that challenges the ideas of the mainstream thinkers. More specifically, it adopts Actor Network Theory (ANT). The key ANT concepts that influenced the empirical investigation are inscription, translation, framing and stabilisation. The research adopted a qualitative method using face to face interviews. Two rounds of data collection were undertaken. The first round started with a theoretical review, the analysis of relevant literature, and unstructured interviews mainly with small business managers. Eleven interviews were carried out. The second round of interviews was semi-structured with key human actors identified in the first round of interviews. A total of fifteen interviews were conducted. They included the small business manager; SMEs service sector customers, government agencies, SMEs consultants, and IT vendors. The aim was to further explore the dynamic adoption process, the roles and challenges of actors and to validate the outcomes of the findings. The analysis was guided by a hybrid approach of thematic analysis using NVivo software. The study proposed and validated a conceptual framework that illustrates the dynamic process of emerging ICT adoption in SMEs from the Actor Network Theory perspective. This framework helps to understand the adoption process, actors involved, actors’ roles and interactions, and the critical factors. Using the key concepts of ANT as the basis of the investigation, the findings identify a number of key activities associated with the adoption process. These activities include: problem assessment and evaluation, concept generation and evaluation, concept specification, product outsourcing /role delegation, misalignment and alignment of interests, product trial, product modification, adaptation, and impact and problem redefinition. These activities reveal that adoption of emerging ICT in a small business context is not constant, straightforward and certain; instead it is unpredictable, dynamic, and an on-going and reiterative process. ANT concepts were further used to analyse and categorise 20 roles that different actors play, 15 critical factors influencing emerging ICT adoption in SMEs, and the challenges facing actors. While all of these roles, factors, and challenges are critical, in this study, the findings reveal that monitoring and legislation are the most recurring roles at each stage. Furthermore, ease of use, managerial time, shared support, customer focus and adoption costs are the factors affecting the success of multiple stages (three stages). Finally, the thesis presents the contributions and implications for both research and practice in future adoption and diffusion

Construction collaboration : a QFD approach

The UK Construction industry is a wide ranging complex environment with constantly evolving cultural, technical and organisational dynamics. Collaboration systems are used within that environment to store information and aid construction professionals in dealing, manipulating and completing information vital to projects. There are many collaboration systems available to the construction market, but most are based on versions used in other less similar industries. As a result though the software packages available to work at a level acceptable to the major construction contractors, they are not fully satisfying the customers need. The quality of the software available currently could be improved. Quality Function Deployment (QFD) is a Japanese product development tool developed in the 1960s. It is a quality system for strategic competitiveness; it maximises positive quality that adds value; it seeks out spoken and unspoken customer requirements, translates them into technical requirements, prioritises them and directs the process to optimise those features that will bring the greatest competitive advantage. QFD has been applied largely anonymously to software in the United States of America, and sparingly to construction within the UK. Blitz QFD is a form of QFD that focuses specifically on the essential quality items of the customer. This method could be implemented within the construction industry creating a fully auditable transfer of customer needs to essential software design features. Blitz QFD would be a valuable development methodology in a construction industry that demands faster, user focused project collaboration software where the user's needs are not currently being satisfied.EThOS - Electronic Theses Online ServiceGBUnited Kingdo