Anomalous effects of dense matter under rotation

We study the anomaly induced effects of dense baryonic matter under rotation. We derive the anomalous terms that account for the chiral vortical effect in the low-energy effective theory for light Nambu-Goldstone modes. The anomalous terms lead to new physical consequences, such as the anomalous Hall energy current and spontaneous generation of angular momentum in a magnetic field (or spontaneous magnetization by rotation). In particular, we show that, due to the presence of such anomalous terms, the ground state of the quantum chromodynamics (QCD) under sufficiently fast rotation becomes the "chiral soliton lattice" of neutral pions that has lower energy than the QCD vacuum and nuclear matter. We briefly discuss the possible realization of the chiral soliton lattice induced by a fast rotation in noncentral heavy ion collisions.Comment: 15 page

Chiral Heat Wave and mixing of Magnetic, Vortical and Heat waves in chiral media

We show that a hot rotating fluid of relativistic chiral fermions possesses a new gapless collective mode associated with coherent propagation of energy density and chiral density waves along the axis of rotation. This mode, which we call the Chiral Heat Wave, emerges due to a mixed gauge-gravitational anomaly. At finite density the Chiral Heat Wave couples to the Chiral Vortical Wave while in the presence of an external magnetic field it mixes with the Chiral Magnetic Wave. The coupling of the Chiral Magnetic and Chiral Vortical Waves is also demonstrated. We find that the coupled waves - which are coherent fluctuations of the vector, axial and energy currents - have generally different velocities compared to the velocities of the individual waves.Comment: 33 pages, 6 figures; v2: minor changes, published versio

Global Strings in High Density QCD

We show that several types of global strings occur in colour superconducting quark matter due to the spontaneous violation of relevant U(1) symmetries. These include the baryon U(1)_B, and approximate axial U(1)_A symmetries as well as an approximate U(1)_S arising from kaon condensation. We discuss some general properties of these strings and their interactions. In particular, we demonstrate that the U(1)_A strings behave as superconducting strings. We draw some parallels between these strings and global cosmological strings and discuss some possible implications of these strings to the physics in neutron star cores.Comment: LaTeX JHEP-format (26 pages) Option in source for REVTeX4 forma

Pulsar Signal of Deconfinement

A solitary millisecond pulsar, if near the mass limit, and undergoing a phase transition, either first or second order, provided the transition is to a substantially more compressible phase, will emit a blatantly obvious signal---spontaneous spin-up. Normally a pulsar spins down by angular momentum loss to radiation. The signal is trivial to detect and is estimated to be ``on'' for 1/50 of the spin-down era of millisecond pulsars. Presently about 25 solitary millisecond pulsars are known. The phenomenon is analogous to ``backbending'' observed in high spin nuclei in the 1970's.Comment: 12 pages, 11 figures, Latex-espcrc1.sty (Dec. 1997, Plenary Talk to appear in Nuclear Physics A in the Proceedings of Quark Matter97, Tsukuba, Japan