INSTITUTIONAL STRUCTURE DEVELOMENT IN THE FIELD OF ORGANIC FARMING IN TURKEY

Practices in the field of organic farming have been carried out within the scope of legal framework since 2003. In Turkey, organic farming activities are conducted under the auspices of Department of Good Agriculture Practices and Organic Farming of the General Directorate of Plant Production of the Ministry of Food Agriculture and Livestock. There are Organic Farming Committee and Organic Farming National Guidance Committee. Besides, there are Organic Farming Units in 81 Provincial Directorates. The Ministry has assigned its control and certification authority for organic farming to private bodies. In Turkey, organic farming practices has commenced in 1985-86 because of increasing demand of foreign buyers and request of export companies and has pursued so on till 1994. Within the structure of the Ministry, Department responsible for coordinating and managing organic farming practices in 2003 and 5262 Numbered Organic Farming Law was ratified and connected regulation for Procedures and Principles of Organic Farming was issued in 2004 and afterwards, regulation has been revised in harmonization with EU Legislation. Revisions made for EU Organic Farming Regulations have been closely monitored so as to protect export chance of the Turkish organic products and supply our citizens with safe products. Alternative Production Methods Department was established in 2003 under the umbrella of the Ministry for the purpose of extension of organic farming. In Turkey, activities in the field of organic farming have been supervised by Department of Good Agricultural Practices and Organic Farming of the General Directorate of Plant Production of the Ministry of Food, Agriculture and Livestock. As defined in the legal framework in force, there are Organic Farming Committee and Organic Farming National Guidance Committee. Moreover, Organic Farming Units have been established within the body of 81 provincial directorates. Control and Certification authority has been assigned to private bodies. Data on organic farming are recorded in Organic Farming Information System

The Classic (Bulletin), March 1940

Information about Northwestern for those who may be interested in attending.https://nwcommons.nwciowa.edu/classic-bulletin/1008/thumbnail.jp

Impact Of International Agricultural Policies On Rural Poverty In Turkey

Poverty is one of the important subjects that come into question in the world in the last decade. Poverty affects people directly or indirectly. Poverty begins to constitute most important problem of community and economic life in Turkey. Because of development in economy, fluctuations, shocks and commitments to international agriculture politics (World Bank, WTO, IMF practices) and politics that put into practice after 1980s have effected and continue to effect agriculture sector in Turkey. From now on, agricultural politics are determined by international organizations and companies. Politics that are put in practice for agriculture, price interventions, changes in support politics, privatization, reduce in input supports, to open out to international markets have mostly influenced small agricultural enterprises and landless. According to results of General Agriculture Census (2001), there are 3.020.000 agricultural enterprises in Turkey and 83 % of them are smaller than 10 hectares. In addition to this, 30% of agricultural population consists from landless. The most effected parts are landless and small agricultural enterprises because of practices such as sugar law, tobacco law, and change in support politics that result in international agricultural politics. This process brings about gradually increase and deepen in poverty in rural area with migration, unemployment and income distribution problems at national level. International agricultural politics mostly affect sugar and tobacco producers because of sugar and tobacco are the most important agricultural products in Turkey. Nearly 1 million sugar and tobacco producer families and 4.5-5.0 million people employ in transportation, marketing, and processing of these products. Because of sugar and tobacco law and limitations in producing hazelnut and tea plant, nearly 1.5 million producer families and labors who are involved in related sectors have directly affected. According to Household Budget Questionnaire in 2002, 38% of total population of Turkey is living with 2 USA Dollar income. At this point, it is so important to state that, rural areas feel poverty more deeply than urban areas. In fact, poverty ratio is 43% in rural areas that means of subsistence is only agriculture. In addition to this, the rate of absolute poverty in rural areas is 3,5 times of urban areas. In this paper, definition and characteristics of poverty and rural poverty in Turkey will be dealt with and effects of international politics on rural poverty will be examined

YAP regulates porcine skin-derived stem cells self-renewal partly by repressing Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway

Skin-derived stem cells (SDSCs) are a class of adult stem cells (ASCs) that have the ability to self-renew and differentiate. The regulation mechanisms involved in the differentiation of SDSCs are a hot topic. In this paper, we explore the link between the transcriptional regulator yes-associated protein (YAP) and the fate of porcine SDSCs (pSDSCs). We found that lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC) activates YAP, promotes pSDSCs pluripotency, and counteracts transdifferentiation of pSDSCs into porcine primordial germ cell-like cells (pPGCLCs). YAP promotes the pluripotent state of pSDSCs by maintaining the high expression of the pluripotency genes Oct4 and Sox2. The overexpression of YAP prevented the differentiation of pSDSCs, and the depletion of YAP by small interfering RNA (siRNAs) suppressed the self-renewal of pSDSCs. In addition, we found that YAP regulates the fate of pSDSCs through a mechanism related to the Wnt/beta-catenin signaling pathway. When an activator of the Wnt/beta-catenin signaling pathway, CHIR99021, was added to pSDSCs overexpressing YAP, the ability of pSDSCs to differentiate was partially restored. Conversely, when XAV939, an inhibitor of the Wnt/beta-catenin signaling pathway, was added to YAP knockdown pSDSCs a higher self-renewal ability resulted. Taken together, our results suggested that YAP and the Wnt/beta-catenin signaling pathway interact to regulate the fate of pSDSCs

TAMILNADU Agriculture Contingency Plan for District: NILGIRIS

Not AvailableAgro-Climatic/Ecological Zone Agro Ecological Region / Sub Region (ICAR) Western Ghats and Coastal Plain, hot humid-per humid eco-region (19.2.) Agro-Climatic Region (Planning Commission) Southern Plateau and Hills Region (X) Agro Climatic Zone (NARP) High altitude and hilly region (7.0) List all the districts or part thereof falling under the NARP Zone The Nilgiris, Kodaikanal, Shevroy, Elagiri, Javadhi, Kollimalai, Pachamalai, Yercaud, Anamalais, Palani and Podhigaimalai. Geographic coordinates of district Latitude Longitude Altitude 11° 10’ and 11° 45’ 76°14’ and 77°2’ E 750 m Name and address of the concerned ZRS/ ZARS/ RARS/ RRS/ RRTTS TNAU Horticultural Research Station, Ooty-643001 Mention the KVK located in the district UPASI - KVK, Glenview, Coonoor - 643101, The Nilgiris Dt.Not Availabl

TAMILNADU Agriculture Contingency Plan for District: NILGIRIS

Not AvailableAgro-Climatic/Ecological Zone Agro Ecological Region / Sub Region (ICAR) Western Ghats and Coastal Plain, hot humid-per humid eco-region (19.2.) Agro-Climatic Region (Planning Commission) Southern Plateau and Hills Region (X) Agro Climatic Zone (NARP) High altitude and hilly region (7.0) List all the districts or part thereof falling under the NARP Zone The Nilgiris, Kodaikanal, Shevroy, Elagiri, Javadhi, Kollimalai, Pachamalai, Yercaud, Anamalais, Palani and Podhigaimalai. Geographic coordinates of district Latitude Longitude Altitude 11° 10’ and 11° 45’ 76°14’ and 77°2’ E 750 m Name and address of the concerned ZRS/ ZARS/ RARS/ RRS/ RRTTS TNAU Horticultural Research Station, Ooty-643001 Mention the KVK located in the district UPASI - KVK, Glenview, Coonoor - 643101, The Nilgiris Dt.Not Availabl

El Mustang, October 12, 1956

Student newspaper of California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo, CA.https://digitalcommons.calpoly.edu/studentnewspaper/2688/thumbnail.jp

Possible Innovations for Teaching Farm Management in Iran

Throughout the history of mankind, agriculture has always been the main element of interest. The early Romans recorded a number of facts in relation to farming and cultivation. Arthur Young, a famous writer about the 19th Century British farming states, The magic of ownership turns sand to gold. [l, p. 1

Die Ethik des institutionalen Naturschutzes: Ein Vorschlag der ganzheitlichen Beurteilung der ethischen Aspekt des Systems von Naturschutzbereichen in Kroatien

The aim of this article is to propose comprehensive, environmentally and socially relevant framework of nature protection ethics (NPE), which allows reliable quality assessment of nature protection methodology, particularly institutional nature protection system applied in Croatia. For this purpose, systemic series of nature protection ethics (NPE) principles and sub-principles have been developed, followed by general and specific indicators of their practical application. They are grouped within framework of ecological integrity, stability, and continuity; diversity, sustainability, legality, organizational development, social support, local development, and involvement and cooperation with all relevant social sub-systems. Croatian nature protection system lacks full credibility and effectiveness, although it is legislatively and institutionally well supported. Uneven work quality of competent public institutions brings examples of neglecting fundamental nature conservation objectives, only basic cooperation with local communities, and mere formal public involvement.Cilj je ovog rada oblikovati cjeloviti, društveno relevantan sustav etike zaštite prirode (EZP) koji omogućuje vjerodostojnu procjenu kakvoće sustava i metodologije zaštite prirode, posebice institucionalnog sustava zaštite prirode u Hrvatskoj. U tu svrhu razvili smo sustavan niz načela i podnačela etike zaštite prirode (EZP) s pripadajućim općim i posebnim pokazateljima njihove praktične primjene. Grupirani su u problemske okvire očuvanja ekološke cjelovitosti, stabilnosti i kontinuiteta, raznolikosti, održivosti, zakonitosti, organizacijskog razvoja, gradnje društvene podrške, lokalnog razvoja, te uključenosti javnosti i suradnje s relevantnim društvenim podsustavima. Zaštita prirode u Hrvatskoj dobro je pravno i institucionalno uređena, no ipak nedovoljno vjerodostojna i učinkovita. Rad javnih ustanova neujednačene je kakvoće, uz primjere zanemarivanja temeljnih ciljeva upravljanja zaštićenim dijelovima prirode te samo načelnu suradnju s lokalnim zajednicama i uključivanje javnosti.Das Ziel der vorliegenden Arbeit ist, ein ganzheitliches gesellschaftlich relevantes System der Ethik des Naturschutzes zu erstellen, das eine glaubwürdige Beurteilung der Qualität des Systems und der Methodologie des Naturschutzes ermöglicht, insbesondere des institutionalen Systems des Naturschutzes in Kroatien. Zu diesem Zweck haben wir eine systematische Reihe von Prinzipien und Subprinzipien der Ethik des Naturschutzes mit dazugehörenden allgemeinen und besonderen Indikatoren und deren praktischen Anwendung entwickelt. Sie wurden in Problemrahmen der Bewahrung der ökologischen Ganzheitlichkeit, der Stabilität und Kontinuität,der Diversität, der Nachhaltigkeit, der Gesetzmäßigkeit, der Organisationsentwicklung, der Erstellung der gesellschaftlichen Unterstützung, der lokalen Entwicklung, sowie der Einschluss der Öffentlichkeit und der Zusammenarbeit mit relevanten gesellschaftlichen Subsystemen gruppiert. Der Naturschutz ist in Kroatien nrechtlich ind institutional gut geregelt, aber doch unzureichend glaubwürdig und effizient. Die Arbeit der öffentlichen Dienste ist in ihrer Qualität ungleichmäßig, es gibt Beispiele von Vernachlässigung der Grundziele des Umgangs mit der geschützten Natur, die Zusammenarbeit mit den lokalen Gemeinschaften und der Einschluss der Öffentlichkeit sind manchmal nur deklarativ