9 research outputs found

    DESIGN FOR TESTABILITY TECHNIQUES FOR VIDEO CODING SYSTEMS

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    Motion estimation algorithms are used in various video coding systems. While focusing on the testing of ME in a video coding system, this work presents an error detection and data recovery (EDDR) design, based on the residue-andquotient (RQ) code, to embed into ME for video coding testing applications. An error in processing elements (PEs), i.e. key components of a ME, can be detected and recovered effectively by using the proposed EDDR design. Therefore, paper describes a novel testing scheme of motion estimation. The key part of this scheme is to offer high reliability for motion estimation architecture. The experimental result shows the design achieve 100% fault coverage. And, the main advantages of this scheme are minimal performance degradation, small cost of hardware overhead and the benefit of at speed testing

    Modified inter prediction H.264 video encoding for maritime surveillance

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    Video compression has evolved since it is first being standardized. The most popular CODEC, H.264 can compress video effectively according to the quality that is required. This is due to the motion estimation (ME) process that has impressive features like variable block sizes varying from 4ร—4 to 16ร—16 and quarter pixel motion compensation. However, the disadvantage of H.264 is that, it is very complex and impractical for hardware implementation. Many efforts have been made to produce low complexity encoding by compromising on the bitrate and decoded quality. Two notable methods are Fast Search Mode and Early Termination. In Early Termination concept, the encoder does not have to perform ME on every macroblock for every block size. If certain criteria are reached, the process could be terminated and the Mode Decision could select the best block size much faster. This project proposes on using background subtraction to maximize the Early Termination process. When recording using static camera, the background remains the same for a long period of time where most macroblocks will produce minimum residual. Thus in this thesis, the ME process for the background macroblock is terminated much earlier using the maximum 16ร—16 macroblock size. The accuracy of the background segmentation for maritime surveillance video case study is 88.43% and the true foreground rate is at 41.74%. The proposed encoder manages to reduce 73.5% of the encoding time and 80.5% of the encoder complexity. The bitrate of the output is also reduced, in the range of 20%, compared to the H.264 baseline encoder. The results show that the proposed method achieves the objectives of improving the compression rate and the encoding time

    An Efficient Intra Prediction Algorithm for H.264/AVC High Profile

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    [[abstract]]A simple, highly efficient intra prediction algorithm to reduce the computational complexity of H.264/AVC High Profile is proposed. The algorithm combines two methods. The first method is a quant-based block-size selection decision that is based on the sum of the quantization AC coefficients among intra 8 ร— 8 mode predictions, combined with an error adjustment to select either intra 4 ร— 4 or intra 16 ร— 16 mode predictions. The second method is a novel direction-based prediction mode decision that is used to reduce the possible prediction modes for the rate-distortion (RD) optimization technique. Our experimental results demonstrate that the proposed algorithm reduces the encoding time by approximately 54% compared with that needed for an exhaustive search using the joint model reference software. The peak signal-to-noise ratio degradation is negligible, and the bit rate increment is minimal. Furthermore, the results show that our algorithm achieves a significant improvement in both computation performance and RD performance as compared with the existing algorithms.[[notice]]่ฃœๆญฃๅฎŒ็•ข[[incitationindex]]EI[[booktype]]้›ปๅญ

    Adaptive Computationally Scalable Motion Estimation for the Hardware H.264/AVC Encoder

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    Analysis and complexity reduction of multiple reference frames motion estimation in H.264/AVC

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    Fast Algorithms for HEVC Rate-Distortion Optimization

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    ํ•™์œ„๋…ผ๋ฌธ (๋ฐ•์‚ฌ)-- ์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ๋Œ€ํ•™์› : ์ „๊ธฐยท์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ๊ณตํ•™๋ถ€, 2013. 8. ์ดํ˜์žฌ.๋””์ง€ํ„ธ ์˜์ƒ ๊ธฐ๊ธฐ์˜ ๋ฐœ์ „๊ณผ ๋”๋ถˆ์–ด, ๊ณ ํ™”์งˆ ์˜์ƒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ˆ˜์š” ๋˜ํ•œ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ตœ๊ทผ์˜ ์Šค๋งˆํŠธํฐ๊ณผ ํƒœ๋ธ”๋ฆฟ PC์˜ ๊ธ‰์†์ ์ธ ์„ฑ์žฅ์€ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์ถ”์„ธ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์†ํ™” ์‹œํ‚ค๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋ณ€ํ™”์— ๋งž์ถ”์–ด, ๊ณ ํ™”์งˆ ์˜์ƒ ์••์ถ•์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์˜์ƒ ์••์ถ• ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์˜ ํ‘œ์ค€ํ™”๊ฐ€ ISO/IEC MPEG๊ณผ ITU-T/VCEG์˜ ๊ณต๋™์˜ ํŒ€์œผ๋กœ ์ง„ํ–‰๋˜์–ด ์™”๋‹ค. HEVC๋Š” H.264/AVC์˜ ๋’ค๋ฅผ ์ž‡๋Š” ์ฐจ์„ธ๋Œ€ ์˜์ƒ ์••์ถ• ํ‘œ์ค€ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ๋กœ์„œ, 2013๋…„ 1์›” FDIS (Final Draft International Standard)๊ฐ€ ์ž‘์„ฑ๋˜๋ฉด์„œ, ํ‘œ์ค€ํ™” ๊ณผ์ •์ด ์™„๋ฃŒ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. HEVC๋Š” H.264/AVC ๋Œ€๋น„ ๊ฐ™์€ ํ™”์งˆ์˜ ์˜์ƒ์„ ์ ˆ๋ฐ˜์˜ ๋น„ํŠธ๋Ÿ‰์œผ๋กœ ์••์ถ•ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ชฉํ‘œ๋กœ ํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ด๋Ÿฐ ๋ชฉํ‘œ๋ฅผ ๋‹ฌ์„ฑํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด, ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๊ธฐ์ˆ ๋“ค์ด ์ œ์•ˆ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ํŠนํžˆ, ๋ณต์žกํ•œ block ๊ตฌ์กฐ์™€ ํฌ๊ฒŒ ๋Š˜์–ด๋‚œ mode์˜ ์ˆ˜๋Š” ์˜์ƒ ์••์ถ•์˜ ํšจ์œจ์„ ํ–ฅ์ƒ์‹œํ‚ค๋Š” ๋ฐ์— ํฌ๊ฒŒ ๊ธฐ์—ฌ๋ฅผ ํ•˜์˜€๊ณ , ์ด๋Š” ์ตœ์ ์˜ mode๋ฅผ ๊ฒฐ์ •ํ•˜๋Š” RDO (Rate-Distortion Optimization)๊ฐ€ ๋”์šฑ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์—ญํ• ์„ ํ•˜๋„๋ก ๋งŒ๋“ค์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜, ๋ณต์žกํ•ด์ง„ block ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋Š” RDO์˜ ์—ฐ์‚ฐ๋Ÿ‰ ๋˜ํ•œ ํฌ๊ฒŒ ์ฆ๊ฐ€์‹œ์ผฐ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์ด์œ ๋กœ, H.264/AVC์™€ ๋‹ฌ๋ฆฌ HEVC์—์„œ๋Š” RDO์˜ ์—ฐ์‚ฐ๋Ÿ‰์„ ์ค„์ด๋ฉด์„œ ์••์ถ• ํšจ์œจ์„ ์œ ์ง€ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์ด์Šˆ๊ฐ€ ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์—์„œ๋Š”, H.264/AVC์™€ HEVC์—์„œ์˜ RDO์— ์˜ํ•œ RD ์ €ํ•˜์˜ ์ฐจ์ด๋ฅผ ์‹คํ—˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ œ์‹œํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ์ •์˜ํ•˜๊ณ , RDO์˜ ์—ฐ์‚ฐ๋Ÿ‰์„ ์ค„์ด๋Š” ์•Œ๊ณ ๋ฆฌ์ฆ˜๋“ค์„ ์„ธ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ œ์•ˆํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์˜ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋Š” RDO์˜ ๊ณผ์ •์„ ๊ตฌ์„ฑํ•˜๋Š” Transform, Quantization, Inverse Quantization, Inverse Transform ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  Entropy Coder ๋“ฑ์˜ ์ผ๋ จ์˜ ๊ณผ์ •์˜ ์—ฐ์‚ฐ์„ ๋‹จ์ˆœํ™”ํ•˜๋Š” ์•Œ๊ณ ๋ฆฌ์ฆ˜๋“ค์ด ์ œ์•ˆ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์•Œ๊ณ ๋ฆฌ์ฆ˜์€ ๊ธฐ๋ณธ์ ์œผ๋กœ H.264/AVC์—์„œ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ง„ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์œผ๋กœ ํ•˜์˜€๊ณ , ๊ธฐ์กด ์•Œ๊ณ ๋ฆฌ์ฆ˜์˜ ํ•œ๊ณ„ ๋˜ํ•œ ๋ถ„์„๋˜์–ด ์„ฑ๋Šฅ์„ ํ–ฅ์ƒ์‹œ์ผฐ๋‹ค. ๋” ๋‚˜์•„๊ฐ€์„œ๋Š”, ์ข€ ๋” ๊ณต๊ฒฉ์ ์œผ๋กœ RDO์˜ ์—ฐ์‚ฐ๋Ÿ‰์„ ์ค„์ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ์ œ์•ˆํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋‘ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์˜ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋Š” Zero Block detection์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์„ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์œผ๋กœ, HEVC์— ์ ํ•ฉํ•˜๊ฒŒ RDO์˜ ์—ฐ์‚ฐ์„ ์ค„์ด๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ์ œ์•ˆํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. H.264/AVC์—์„œ ์ œ์•ˆ๋˜์—ˆ๋˜ ์•Œ๊ณ ๋ฆฌ์ฆ˜๋“ค์€ HEVC์—์„œ์˜ Zero Block์„ ํŠน์ง•์„ ์ œ๋Œ€๋กœ ๋ฐ˜์˜ํ•˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์—, ๋‹จ์ˆœ ์ˆ˜์ •์„ ํ†ตํ•ด HEVC์— ์ ์šฉํ•  ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ๊ธฐ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋งŒํผ์˜ ์„ฑ๋Šฅ์„ ์–ป์„ ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ํ•œ๊ณ„์ ์„ ํ•ด๊ฒฐํ•˜์—ฌ HEVC์— ์ ํ•ฉํ•œ ํšจ์œจ์ ์ธ Zero Block detection ์•Œ๊ณ ๋ฆฌ์ฆ˜์ด ์ œ์‹œ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์„ธ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์˜ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋Š”, SATD ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์˜ RDO๋ฅผ ํ™œ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ, SSE ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์˜ RDO์˜ ์—ฐ์‚ฐ๋Ÿ‰์„ ์ค„์ด๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ์ œ์•ˆํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. SATD ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์˜ RDO์™€ SSE ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์˜ RDO์˜ ์ฐจ์ด์  ๋ถ„์„๊ณผ ์‹คํ—˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ๋ฐ”ํƒ•์œผ๋กœ ํšจ์œจ์ ์œผ๋กœ SATD ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์˜ RDO์„ ํ™œ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ด ์ œ์‹œ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ์ œ์•ˆ๋œ ์•Œ๊ณ ๋ฆฌ์ฆ˜๋“ค์€ HEVC์˜ reference software์ธ HM์— ๊ตฌํ˜„๋˜์–ด, RDO์˜ ์—ฐ์‚ฐ๋Ÿ‰์„ ํฌ๊ฒŒ ์ค„์ด๋ฉด์„œ๋„, RD ์ €ํ•˜๊ฐ€ ํฌ๊ฒŒ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ์‹คํ—˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋ณด์ด๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค.์ดˆ๋ก iii ๋ชฉ์ฐจ v ํ‘œ ๋ชฉ์ฐจ viii ๊ทธ๋ฆผ ๋ชฉ์ฐจ x ์ œ 1 ์žฅ ์„œ๋ก  1 1.1 ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๋ฐฐ๊ฒฝ 1 1.2 ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๋‚ด์šฉ 3 1.3 ๋…ผ๋ฌธ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ 6 ์ œ 2 ์žฅ ๋ฐฐ๊ฒฝ์ง€์‹๊ณผ ์ด์ „ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ 7 2.1 ๋ฐฐ๊ฒฝ์ง€์‹ 7 2.2 ์ด์ „ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ 15 ์ œ 3 ์žฅ Simplified RDO 19 3.1 Simplified SSE 19 3.2 Simplified CABAC 24 3.2.1 CABAC์˜ ๊ตฌ์กฐ 24 3.2.2 Various Complexity CABAC 25 3.2.2.1 High-Complexity CABAC 25 3.2.2.2 Medium-Complexity CABAC 26 3.2.2.3 Low-Complexity CABAC 22 3.2.2.4 Evaluation of Various Complexity CABAC 29 3.2.3 Low-Complexity CABAC for HEVC 30 3.3 Advanced Simplified SSE & CABAC 37 3.3.1 Threshold Algorithm 37 3.3.2 Simplified SSE & CABAC without Transform 41 3.4 Evaluation 48 ์ œ 4 ์žฅ Zero Block Detection 51 4.1 Extension of H.264/AVC Zero Block Detection for HEVC 51 4.1.1 Characteristics of the zero blocks in HEVC 51 4.1.2 ZB detection by an extension of the H.264/AVC algorithm 54 4.2 Zreo Block Detection for HEVC 59 4.2.1 GZB Detection for 16x16 and 32x32 transforms 59 4.2.2 Relaxed conditions for PZB detection 62 4.2.3 Further complexity reduction with SAD(or SATD) test 65 4.2.4 Proposed ZB detection for HEVC 72 4.3 Evaluation 74 ์ œ 5 ์žฅ SATD based RDO EVALUATION 84 5.1 Difference between SSE based RDO and SATD based RDO 84 5.2 SATD based RDO Evaluation for HEVC 88 5.3 Evaluation 93 ์ œ 6 ์žฅ ๊ฒฐ๋ก  95Docto
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