Design Of Electrical Distribution System For Industrial Plant

Electrical distribution system plays an important role in our daily living, as electrical energy is necessary to run our home and industrial appliances. Consumers demand the delivery of electrical energy to be continuous and seldom to be interrupted, but there is occurrence of breakdown sometimes during the day or night time. Electrical energy is generated by power station, converted from thermal energy into mechanical energy by turbine, and then transformed into electrical energy by generator. The generated electrical energy is transmitted to the load centers via high voltage transmission networks. From the load center (power distribution substation), electrical power supply will be distributed via power transformer to distribution substation and stepped down to lower voltage level for electrical distribution system networks. This research was conducted to evaluate design of electrical distribution system, from 11kV to 400V electrical distribution system up to the final circuits for an upgrading power supply from an existing warehouse building into a manufacturing factory. In this study, aspects determined by follow design procedure for the selection of medium voltage switch gear, type of distribution transformer, low voltage switch board, low voltage components, electrical cable, conductor of its current carrying capacity capability and earth fault protection. The subsequent technical analysis in this dissertation discusses about power factor improvement and relay protection unit that plays an important role in low voltage electrical distribution system. The key finding that the proposed electrical distribution system able to provide adequate, safety, compliances voltage regulation and reliable system and keep it the minimum of interruption electricity power supply

Secure Distributed Dynamic State Estimation in Wide-Area Smart Grids

Smart grid is a large complex network with a myriad of vulnerabilities, usually operated in adversarial settings and regulated based on estimated system states. In this study, we propose a novel highly secure distributed dynamic state estimation mechanism for wide-area (multi-area) smart grids, composed of geographically separated subregions, each supervised by a local control center. We firstly propose a distributed state estimator assuming regular system operation, that achieves near-optimal performance based on the local Kalman filters and with the exchange of necessary information between local centers. To enhance the security, we further propose to (i) protect the network database and the network communication channels against attacks and data manipulations via a blockchain (BC)-based system design, where the BC operates on the peer-to-peer network of local centers, (ii) locally detect the measurement anomalies in real-time to eliminate their effects on the state estimation process, and (iii) detect misbehaving (hacked/faulty) local centers in real-time via a distributed trust management scheme over the network. We provide theoretical guarantees regarding the false alarm rates of the proposed detection schemes, where the false alarms can be easily controlled. Numerical studies illustrate that the proposed mechanism offers reliable state estimation under regular system operation, timely and accurate detection of anomalies, and good state recovery performance in case of anomalies

Discussion on the paper “Real-Time Prediction of Clinical Trial Enrollment and Event Counts: A Review”, by DF Heitjan, Z Ge, and GS Ying

No abstract available