Is the infant car seat challenge useful?:A pilot study in a simulated moving vehicle

Background and Objective: The American Academy of Pediatrics recommends preterm infants complete a pre-discharge “car seat challenge” observation for cardiorespiratory compromise whilst in a car seat. This static challenge does not consider the more upright position in a car or the vibration of the seat when the car is moving. This pilot study was designed to assess the cardiorespiratory effects of vibration, mimicking the effect of being in a moving car, on preterm and term infants.Methods: A simulator was designed to reproduce vertical vibration similar to that in a rear facing car seat at 30mph. 19 healthy newborn term and 21 preterm infants, ready for hospital discharge, underwent cardiorespiratory measurements whilst lying flat in a cot (baseline), static in the seat (30°), simulator (40°) and during motion (vibration 40°). Results: Median test age was 13 days (range 1- 65 days), and median weight was 2.5Kg [iqr: 2.1-3.1Kg]. Compared to baseline observations, only the total number of desaturations was significantly increased when infants were placed at 30° (p=0.03). At 40°, or with vibration, respiratory and heart rates increased and oxygen saturation decreased significantly. Profound desaturations <85% significantly increased during motion, regardless of gestational age.Conclusions: This is the first study to assess the effect of motion on infants seated in a car safety seat. Term and preterm infants showed significant signs of potentially adverse cardiorespiratory effects in the upright position at 40° particularly with simulated motion; not identified in the standard challenge. A larger study is required to investigate the significance of these results

Bauhinia Rhapsody : the literary journal of Lingnan University 2018-2019

Editor\u27s Note The Lingnan Literary Journal itself, the book you have now in your hands, is a work of Lingnan University students. That which we write and leave behind is how we communicate with the future, and it is in this way that the students of Lingnan, here during the 2018-2019 academic year, will continue to have impact long after they have left the campus here in Tuen Mun, nestled against the foothills of Hong Kong’s mountains. The work you see here is that of my own students, from either of my two classes, Arts, Creative Writing & Journalism, taught in the Fall and Spring of my time here, and Journalism Principles & Social Media, taught only in the Spring. Save for Mary Garcia who designed the covers, the editorial team came from my Fall class. There is also the writing and visual efforts of students I have never met in person, but which spoke to all of us. Others I met along the way at numerous events on campus, engaging them in conversation and asking them to submit their work. The team also recruited, through passive means like posters, and through setting up tables on campus. Still other constributions came from Professor Ingham’s class, gifting us with interesting intertextual work based on songs and poems, a favorite method of his for inspiring his students’ creativity. Mike’s deep desire to engage with his students, in and out of the classroom, was also something that inspired me to always try to give more and reach out to students across the spectrum at Lingnan. I believe through my efforts and the efforts of so many others, the journal as you see it now represents a broad range of Lingnan’s diverse student body, locals and exchange students alike.https://commons.ln.edu.hk/eng_studentjournal/1003/thumbnail.jp

Aerospace Medicine and Biology: A continuing bibliography with indexes, supplement 192

This bibliography lists 247 reports, articles, and other documents introduced into the NASA scientific and technical information system in March 1979

An experimental investigation of the vibrational comfort of child safety seats.

The research of this thesis was performed to understand the vibrational dynamics of stage 0&1 child safety seats and of the children who occupy them. Since no previous vibration data for small children or child seats was found, the investigation took the form of experiments designed to shed light on the behaviour of the system consisting of child, child seat, vehicle safety belt and vehicle seat. To provide a background for interpreting the results a literature review was performed of child seat characteristics, of human whole-body response and of primate whole-body response. An industrial test procedure for measuring the vibration isolation properties of vehicular seats is also presented as an illustration of the concepts involved. A whole-body vibration bench for testing children in the vertical direction was built and apparent mass and absorbed power functions were measured for 8 children of age less than 24 months and mass less than 13 kg. An algorithm was developed for identifying the parameter values of a single degree of freedom mass-spring-damper model of the seated body using Differential Evolution optimisation. The parameter values were determined for each child and compared to those of adults and primates. This thesis also presents the results of modal testing of 2 child seat units and of operational deflection shape testing of 1 unit in an automobile under 3 loading conditions (empty, sandbag or child). In-vehicle transmissibility measurements were also performed in the vertical direction for 10 children and child seats using 9 automobiles. The floor-to-human transmissibilities were determined for each child and driver when passing over a reference road surface at both 20 and 40 km/h. Except for the damping ratio, all child mechanical response parameters were found to differ with respect to those of adults or primates, with the differences being greater with respect to adults. The first resonance frequency of children was found to be located at 8.5 Hz as opposed to 4.0 Hz for adults, raising questions regarding the applicability of standards such as ISO 2631 towards the evaluation of child vibrational comfort. The child seats were found to have higher transmissibilities on average than the vehicular seats occupied by adults. A characteristic low frequency rigid body rocking motion was noted at 1.8 Hz as were multiple flexible body resonances starting from frequencies as low as 15 Hz. Areas of possible improvement and topics for further research have been identified

The using of solver software and vehicle routing for the traveling salesman problem

The traveling salesman problem (TSP) is one of the most studied problems in management science. Optimal approaches to solving traveling salesman problems are based on mathematical programming. But in reality, most TSP problems are not solved optimally. When the problem is so large that an optimal solution is impossible to obtain, or when approximate solutions are good enough, heuristics are applied. Two commonly used heuristics for the traveling salesman problem are the nearest neighbor procedure and the Clark and Wright savings heuristic. In this paper will be present using of the solver software and principles of TSP for optimal solution of vehicle routing for domestic bottled water and different juices in the different parts of the Republic of Macedonia