1-2-3 Conjecture in Digraphs: More Results and Directions

Horňak, Przybyło and Woźniak recently proved that almost every digraph can be 4-arc-weighted so that, for every arc u->v, the sum of weights incoming to u is different from the sum of weights outgoing from v. They conjectured a stronger result, namely that the same statement with 3 instead of 4 should also be true. We verify this conjecture in this work. This work takes place in a recent "quest" towards a directed version of the 1-2-3 Conjecture, the variant above being one of the last introduced ones. We take the occasion of this work to establish a summary of all results known in this field, covering known upper bounds, complexity aspects, and choosability. On the way we prove additional results which were missing in the whole picture. We also mention the aspects that remain open

On locally irregular decompositions and the 1-2 Conjecture in digraphs

International audienceThe 1-2 Conjecture raised by Przybylo and Wozniak in 2010 asserts that every undirected graph admits a 2-total-weighting such that the sums of weights "incident" to the vertices yield a proper vertex-colouring. Following several recent works bringing related problems and notions (such as the well-known 1-2-3 Conjecture, and the notion of locally irregular decompositions) to digraphs, we here introduce and study several variants of the 1-2 Conjecture for digraphs. For every such variant, we raise conjectures concerning the number of weights necessary to obtain a desired total-weighting in any digraph. We verify some of these conjectures, while we obtain close results towards the ones that are still open

Labeling of graphs, sumset of squares of units modulo n and resonance varieties of matroids

This thesis investigates problems in a number of different areas of graph theory and its applications in other areas of mathematics. Motivated by the 1-2-3-Conjecture, we consider the closed distinguishing number of a graph G, denoted by dis[G]. We provide new upper bounds for dis[G] by using the Combinatorial Nullstellensatz. We prove that it is NP-complete to decide for a given planar subcubic graph G, whether dis[G] = 2. We show that for each integer t there is a bipartite graph G such that dis[G] \u3e t. Then some polynomial time algorithms and NP-hardness results for the problem of partitioning the edges of a graph into regular and/or locally irregular subgraphs are presented. We then move on to consider Johnson graphs to find resonance varieties of some classes of sparse paving matroids. The last application we consider is in number theory, where we find the number of solutions of the equation x21 + _ _ _ + x2 k = c, where c 2 Zn, and xi are all units in the ring Zn. Our approach is combinatorial using spectral graph theory

1-2-3 Conjecture in Digraphs: More Results and Directions

International audienceHorňak, Przybyło and Woźniak recently proved that, a small class of obvious exceptions apart, every digraph can be 4-arc-weighted so that, for every arc u->v, the sum of weights incoming to u is different from the sum of weights outgoing from v. They conjectured a stronger result, namely that the same statement with 3 instead of 4 should also be true. We verify this conjecture in this work. This work takes place in a recent "quest" towards a directed version of the 1-2-3 Conjecture, the variant above being one of the last introduced ones. We take the occasion of this work to establish a summary of all results known in this field, covering known upper bounds, complexity aspects, and choosability. On the way we prove additional results which were missing in the whole picture. We also mention the aspects that remain open

An oriented version of the 1-2-3 Conjecture

International audienceThe well-known 1-2-3 Conjecture addressed by Karonski, Luczak and Thomason asks whether the edges of every undirected graph G with no isolated edge can be assigned weights from {1,2,3} so that the sum of incident weights at each vertex yields a proper vertex-colouring of G. In this work, we consider a similar problem for oriented graphs. We show that the arcs of every oriented graph ->G can be assigned weights from {1,2,3} so that every two adjacent vertices of ->G receive distinct sums of outgoing weights. This result is tight in the sense that some oriented graphs do not admit such an assignment using the weights from {1,2} only. We finally prove that deciding whether two weights are sufficient for a given oriented graph is an NP-complete problem. These results also hold for product or list versions of this problem

An Oriented Version of the 1-2-3 Conjecture

The well-known 1-2-3 Conjecture addressed by Karoński, Luczak and Thomason asks whether the edges of every undirected graph $G$ with no isolated edge can be assigned weights from {1, 2, 3} so that the sum of incident weights at each vertex yields a proper vertex-colouring of $G$. In this work, we consider a similar problem for oriented graphs. We show that the arcs of every oriented graph $\overrightarrow{G}$ can be assigned weights from {1, 2, 3} so that every two adjacent vertices of $\overrightarrow{G}$ receive distinct sums of outgoing weights. This result is tight in the sense that some oriented graphs do not admit such an assignment using the weights from {1, 2} only. We finally prove that deciding whether two weights are sufficient for a given oriented graph is an $\mathsf{NP}$-complete problem. These results also hold for product or list versions of this problem