Endogenous Technical Change in a Competitive Economy

We develop a model of endogenous growth in an economy with competitive markets. Technical change arises from the intentional actions of entrepreneurs looking for profits. Opportunities for such profits stem from inframarginal rents. This provides a counterexample to the widespread view that endogenous technical change is possible only if innovating firms can expect to reap monopoly or oligopoly rents. The model has a unique equilibrium, which involves steady growth at a positive rate. Equilibrium growth is inefficiently low because knowledge spillover effects are neglected. The inefficiency can be eliminated by an interest rate subsidy.

Endogenous technical change in a competitive economy

We develop a model of endogenous growth in an economy with competitive markets. Technical change arises from the intentional actions of entrepreneurs looking for profits. Opportunities for such profits stem from inframarginal rents. This provides a counterexample to the widespread view that endogenous technical change is possible only if innovating firms can expect to reap monopoly or oligopoly rents. The model has a unique equilibrium, which involves steady growth at a positive rate. Equilibrium growth is inefficiently low because knowledge spillover effects are neglected. The inefficiency can be eliminated by an interest rate subsidy

Brentano on Consciousness

Consider a perceptual activity such as seeing a colour, hearing a tone, tasting a flavour. How are these activities related to one’s awareness of them? I will use Brentano’s struggle with this question to guide the reader through the development of his view on consciousness. My starting point will be Brentano’s book Die Psychologie des Aristoteles (Brentano 1867), in which he developed an inner sense view of consciousness (§§1-2). Brentano’s early view is underexplored in the literature, but crucial for understanding the development of his thought on the matter. In his major work Psychologie vom Empirischen Standpunkt (1874) he rejected the existence of an inner sense: the exercises of our five senses yield awareness of the world (or at least of intentional objects) as well as awareness of these perceptions. This same-level view of consciousness has been explored and developed by contemporary philosophers of mind. I will discuss the arguments that moved Brentano to change his mind, outline the view and, finally, respond to Husserl’s influential criticism of Brentano’s view (§§3-5)

Thought in motion: on the possibility of practical reason

All intentional action involves practical thought, for the agent of intentional action represents the kind of action they do in a distinctively practical way: as a model or guide for their actual action. In the first instance, this thesis is about how we should conceive of the relationship between such practical thought and the particular intentional actions for which it is necessary. In this thesis I defend what I call the Identity Account. The account claims that there is a fundamental way of thinking that some kind of action is to-be-done, or is good-to-do, wherein one is and knows oneself to be doing that action-kind. In such cases, practical thoughts are intentional actions: a species of self-conscious change. I argue that other forms of practical thought are less fundamental than intentional action, and must be understood only relative to it. Standing in the way of the Identity Account is a certain conception of what a particular change is, which I call the block view. This entails a separation between practical thought and intentional action, and it puts out of the reach the possibility of the kind of self-conscious changes which the Identity Account says intentional actions are. I marshal a number of arguments against the separation of practical thought from intentional action, but ultimately press that the very possibility of a distinctively practical form of thought requires the truth of the Identity Account. In order to make room for the Identity Account, I elaborate an alternative conception of what a particular change is, which I call the Aristotelian view. By drawing on this, I show how self-conscious change, and so practical thought, is possible

ChangeBeadsThreader: An Interactive Environment for Tailoring Automatically Untangled Changes

To improve the usability of a revision history, change untangling, which reconstructs the history to ensure that changes in each commit belong to one intentional task, is important. Although there are several untangling approaches based on the clustering of fine-grained editing operations of source code, they often produce unsuitable result for a developer, and manual tailoring of the result is necessary. In this paper, we propose ChangeBeadsThreader (CBT), an interactive environment for splitting and merging change clusters to support the manual tailoring of untangled changes. CBT provides two features: 1) a two-dimensional space where fine-grained change history is visualized to help users find the clusters to be merged and 2) an augmented diff view that enables users to confirm the consistency of the changes in a specific cluster for finding those to be split. These features allow users to easily tailor automatically untangled changes.Comment: 5 pages, SANER 202

Seeing the Old Lady: A New Perspective on the Age Old Problems of Discrimination, Inequality, and Subordination

In recent years, legal scholars have used insights from cognitive and social psychology to explain that, despite significant gains, discrimination persists in America. Specifically, such scholars argue that our current antidiscrimination legal system, aimed at overt, conscious, and intentional conduct is not an effective tool for combating current forms of discrimination that are often subtle, unconscious, and unintentional. This article builds on that work by illustrating that, while insightful, the perspective from which these scholars approach the problem of discrimination is really no different from that which informs the current antidiscrimination system they seek to change. Accordingly, this article will explain how the perspective of these scholars is the same as that informing the current system. Second, this article will put forth an alternative perspective and then demonstrate how the new point of view advocated for opens up new possibilities with respect to how we might eradicate discrimination from American society

Doxing and Doxees: A Qualitative Analysis of Victim Experiences and Responses

Doxing, a form of adversarial online behavior, is the intentional release of an individual’s personal information with malicious intent. It is increasingly used to threaten, punish, or silence individuals who participate in online communities. Such Doxees often experience extreme and intertwined cyberharassment and physical threats, transforming how they participate in both cyber and physical communities. While prior research has examined the underlying motives of the Doxer, the Doxee’s perspective has remained largely unexplored. Drawing on data about 14 individuals who have experienced Doxing, we examine the consequences of Doxing from the Doxee’s point of view. Employing the lens of approach and avoidance coping, we describe how Doxees respond to a Doxing threat and change their behavior. Our research contributes novel insight and themes related to Doxing. Based on our analysis, we offer an agenda for research and practice to pave the way for exploring Doxing and its remedies

The harmony of conflict : the cosmology of Heracleitus in D. H. Lawrence's Women in love

It was the purpose of this study to relate the world view expressed within Women in Love to a cosmological order devised by the Greek philosopher Heracleitus as expressed in his work "On Nature." Women in Love contains a plethora of bipolar dichotomies which often reveal a world of conflict, tension and oscillating change. When the Heracleitian world order is superimposed on the conflicting forces operating in Lawrence's novel, an underlying unity or logos becomes apparent. Lawrence's strong affinity with Heracleltus' cosmology is traced throughout Women in Love and other selections from his writing. Lawrence's Intentional air of mysticism and choric suggestivity are compared to Heracleltus' oracular, often ambiguous statements. Both Lawrence and Heracleltus share perceptions of a dual plane of experience: one of the phenomenal world of physical, material forces and a second of noumenal, transcendental communion

Daubert’s Naïve Realist Challenge to Husserl

Despite extensive discussion of naïve realism in the wider philosophical literature, those influenced by the phenomenological movement who work in the philosophy of perception have hardly weighed in on the matter. It is thus interesting to discover that Edmund Husserl’s close philosophical interlocutor and friend, the early twentieth-century phenomenologist Johannes Daubert, held the naive realist view. This article presents Daubert’s views on the fundamental nature of perceptual experience and shows how they differ radically from those of Husserl’s. The author argues, in conclusion, that Daubert’s views are superior to those of Husserl’s specifically in the way that they deal with the phenomenon of perceptual constancy

Understanding the barriers to creating artwork: An artist teacher action research project

This study discusses how and why habit forming behaviour, cognitive, environmental and situational, may restrict the production of my personal artwork and begins to address how barriers might be overcome. The paper begins the barriers that prevent me from producing personal artwork, and this in turn begins to highlight that an artist identity is not salient with my overall identity. Literature pertinent to this study focusses on human psychology in general as well as addressing human behaviour, in particular identity theory and habit forming behaviour. This is an Action Research project and grounded theory is used as a means of collecting, coding and analysing data over a 6 month period. Reviewing data collected began to highlight potential barriers to the non production of personal artwork, the potential barriers are discussed and analysed through memo taking and categorising emerging themes. My data revelead a that I did not idenitfy with an artist identity, and that I had a reluctance to view myself as an artist. My data suggested that this could stem from my arts based designer background; I was not trained to be an artist. The data also revealed that I had not implemented intentional change over the 6 months, merely circumstantial change, and that I was resistant to change. Further barriers where also highlighted, including a lack of perceived skills, a lack of time and competing priorities