An event bias technique for Monte Carlo device simulation

Abstract In Monte Carlo (MC) simulations of semiconductor devices it is necessary to enhance the statistics in sparsely populated regions of interest. In this work the Monte Carlo method for stationary carrier transport, known as the Single-Particle MC method, is considered. It gives a solution to the stationary boundary value problem defined by the semi-classical Boltzmann equation (BE). Using a formal approach which employs the integral form of the problem and the Neumann series expansion of the solution, the Single-Particle MC method is derived in a formal way. The independent, identically distributed random variables of the simulated process are identified. Estimates of the stochastic error are given. Furthermore, the extension of the MC estimators to the case of biased events is derived. An event bias technique for particle transport across an energy barrier is developed and simulation results are discussed

An Investigation of Window and Lighting Systems using Life Cycle Cost Analysis for the Purpose of Energy Conservation in Langford Building A at Texas A&M University

Langford Building A forms part of the Langford Architectural Complex at Texas A & M University. Inefficient lighting fixtures and single pane windows in Langford Building A contribute to a considerable portion of the total cost of energy for this building. In the Southwestern United States, a building's windows can be responsible for a significant loss of energy. The windows and inefficient light bulbs can result in high utility costs and high labor charges from more frequent lighting maintenance than that required for efficient lighting. In Langford Building A, window system energy efficiency has not been improved since the building was constructed in 1977. This paper investigates the economic feasibility of using efficient lighting and window systems in Langford Building A. The cost for windows and new lighting tubes was analyzed and compared by using Life Cycle Cost Analysis. The payback periods, determined in this analysis, showed that more efficient lighting and window systems would reduce costs. As results of this analysis, the window film and LED lighting tube reduce building life cycle cost and short payback periods than other alternatives