5,442 research outputs found
Analyzing Energy-efficiency and Route-selection of Multi-level Hierarchal Routing Protocols in WSNs
The advent and development in the field of Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) in
recent years has seen the growth of extremely small and low-cost sensors that
possess sensing, signal processing and wireless communication capabilities.
These sensors can be expended at a much lower cost and are capable of detecting
conditions such as temperature, sound, security or any other system. A good
protocol design should be able to scale well both in energy heterogeneous and
homogeneous environment, meet the demands of different application scenarios
and guarantee reliability. On this basis, we have compared six different
protocols of different scenarios which are presenting their own schemes of
energy minimizing, clustering and route selection in order to have more
effective communication. This research is motivated to have an insight that
which of the under consideration protocols suit well in which application and
can be a guide-line for the design of a more robust and efficient protocol.
MATLAB simulations are performed to analyze and compare the performance of
LEACH, multi-level hierarchal LEACH and multihop LEACH.Comment: NGWMN with 7th IEEE Inter- national Conference on Broadband and
Wireless Computing, Communication and Applications (BWCCA 2012), Victoria,
Canada, 201
Incentive Mechanisms for Participatory Sensing: Survey and Research Challenges
Participatory sensing is a powerful paradigm which takes advantage of
smartphones to collect and analyze data beyond the scale of what was previously
possible. Given that participatory sensing systems rely completely on the
users' willingness to submit up-to-date and accurate information, it is
paramount to effectively incentivize users' active and reliable participation.
In this paper, we survey existing literature on incentive mechanisms for
participatory sensing systems. In particular, we present a taxonomy of existing
incentive mechanisms for participatory sensing systems, which are subsequently
discussed in depth by comparing and contrasting different approaches. Finally,
we discuss an agenda of open research challenges in incentivizing users in
participatory sensing.Comment: Updated version, 4/25/201
Adjacency Matrix Based Energy Efficient Scheduling using S-MAC Protocol in Wireless Sensor Networks
Communication is the main motive in any Networks whether it is Wireless
Sensor Network, Ad-Hoc networks, Mobile Networks, Wired Networks, Local Area
Network, Metropolitan Area Network, Wireless Area Network etc, hence it must be
energy efficient. The main parameters for energy efficient communication are
maximizing network lifetime, saving energy at the different nodes, sending the
packets in minimum time delay, higher throughput etc. This paper focuses mainly
on the energy efficient communication with the help of Adjacency Matrix in the
Wireless Sensor Networks. The energy efficient scheduling can be done by
putting the idle node in to sleep node so energy at the idle node can be saved.
The proposed model in this paper first forms the adjacency matrix and
broadcasts the information about the total number of existing nodes with depths
to the other nodes in the same cluster from controller node. When every node
receives the node information about the other nodes for same cluster they
communicate based on the shortest depths and schedules the idle node in to
sleep mode for a specific time threshold so energy at the idle nodes can be
saved.Comment: 20 pages, 2 figures, 14 tables, 5 equations, International Journal of
Computer Networks & Communications (IJCNC),March 2012, Volume 4, No. 2, March
201
Coverage Protocols for Wireless Sensor Networks: Review and Future Directions
The coverage problem in wireless sensor networks (WSNs) can be generally
defined as a measure of how effectively a network field is monitored by its
sensor nodes. This problem has attracted a lot of interest over the years and
as a result, many coverage protocols were proposed. In this survey, we first
propose a taxonomy for classifying coverage protocols in WSNs. Then, we
classify the coverage protocols into three categories (i.e. coverage aware
deployment protocols, sleep scheduling protocols for flat networks, and
cluster-based sleep scheduling protocols) based on the network stage where the
coverage is optimized. For each category, relevant protocols are thoroughly
reviewed and classified based on the adopted coverage techniques. Finally, we
discuss open issues (and recommend future directions to resolve them)
associated with the design of realistic coverage protocols. Issues such as
realistic sensing models, realistic energy consumption models, realistic
connectivity models and sensor localization are covered
A Coverage Monitoring algorithm based on Learning Automata for Wireless Sensor Networks
To cover a set of targets with known locations within an area with limited or
prohibited ground access using a wireless sensor network, one approach is to
deploy the sensors remotely, from an aircraft. In this approach, the lack of
precise sensor placement is compensated by redundant de-ployment of sensor
nodes. This redundancy can also be used for extending the lifetime of the
network, if a proper scheduling mechanism is available for scheduling the
active and sleep times of sensor nodes in such a way that each node is in
active mode only if it is required to. In this pa-per, we propose an efficient
scheduling method based on learning automata and we called it LAML, in which
each node is equipped with a learning automaton, which helps the node to select
its proper state (active or sleep), at any given time. To study the performance
of the proposed method, computer simulations are conducted. Results of these
simulations show that the pro-posed scheduling method can better prolong the
lifetime of the network in comparison to similar existing method
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