"Applications of Intelligent Systems in Tourism: Relevant Methods"

"This article presents a literature review of Intelligent Systems applications in Tourism in different parts of the world. The review focuses on the most relevant methods in free and paid databases, in English and Spanish. Most of the works deal with methodologies based on artificial intelligence, such as expert systems, fuzzy logic, machine learning, data mining, neural networks, genetic algorithms. In the review, several characteristics of the systems have been taken into account, such as, knowledge base, actors in the operation of the system, types of tourists, usefulness or not in space and time. According to the review it was found that most of the researches are deterministic models, the most used methodology in tourism are the expert systems based on rules, observing an emerging innovation in metaheuristics, mainly genetic algorithms and intelligent systems with knowledge base based on optimization methods for route choice or optimal visit plan. It is expected that this work serves to give a general perspective on the application of intelligent systems in the area of tourism, as well as a work that consolidates background for work in this area of research.

An Intelligent System to Diagnose Chikungunya under Uncertainty

Chikungunya is a virus-related disease, bring about by the virus called CHIKV that spreads throughmosquito biting. This virus first found in Tanzania, while blood from patients was isolated. Thecommon signs and symptoms, associated with Chikungunya are considered as fever, joint swelling,joint pain, muscle pain and headache. The examination of these signs and symptoms by the physician constitutes the typical preliminary diagnosis of this disease. However, the physician is unable tomeasure them with accuracy. Therefore, the preliminary diagnosis in most of the cases could sufferfrom inaccuracy, which leads to wrong treatment. Hence, this paper introduces the design and implementation of a belief rule based expert system (BRBES) which is capable to represent uncertainknowledge as well as inference under uncertainty. Here, the knowledge is illustrated by employing belief rule base while deduction is carried out by evidential reasoning. The real patient data of250 have been considered to demonstrate the accuracy and the robustness of the expert system. Acomparison has been performed with the results of BRBES and Fuzzy Logic Based Expert System(FLBES) as well as with the expert judgment. Furthermore, the result of BRBES has been contrastedwith various data-driven machine learning approaches, including ANN (Artificial Neural networks)and SVM (Support Vector Machine). The reliability of BRBESs was found better than those of datadriven machine learning approaches. Therefore, the BRBES presented in this paper could enable thephysician to conduct the analysis of Chikungunya more accurately.Validerad;2019;Nivå 1;2019-08-14 (johcin)A belief-rule-based DSS to assess flood risks by using wireless sensor network