Assessment of industrial energy use and carbon emissions in the textile industry

This study is to design and validate an assessment procedure for energy efficiency of manufacturing buildings. I demonstrated the assessment, based on the detailed energy audit, procedure on a case-study Scottish textile factory. This is to address the recognised need for more energy studies in the small and medium enterprise (SMEs). This heterogeneous and complicated sector inherits a range of energy efficiency barriers, and therefore requires more tailored energy efficiency studies. Over four years, half-hourly (H-H) empirical electricity and gas data, lower-resolution measured data, technology nameplate ratings and operations data have been analysed. The whole-system (site-wide) and key technology assessment assesses the baseline demand, demand variations in response to variables (such as production, weather, and departmental activity), and potential for tailored energy efficiency strategies. H-H energy data, against weekday activity and shift patterns, was used to produce average daily profiles, with trends linked to production and weather impacts, in turn allowing for identification of periods of energy wastage. Based on the 24-hour peak- and off-peak periods, specific time slots were derived to numerically estimate average demands. Consequently, various demand characteristics like baseload, disaggregation and percentage contribution at activity and departmental level were calculated. Individual key technologies were studied for behaviour- and technologyrelated energy, cost, and carbon (energy savings when transformed into carbon emissions) saving estimations. The whole assessment showed promising saving opportunities, in a way that can be potentially translated to any similar manufacturing site. As a result of applying this approach to energy analysis, indicative energy, cost, and carbon savings against a base year were estimated to be 33%, 28%, and 28% respectively, with the longest payback period of five-years. Validation for the savings associated with identified measures, through physically installing/applying the measures, was not possible due to funding limitations. Measured and nameplate rating based auditing methods were compared, where possible, to assess their discrete limitations and suitability. The promising energy and carbon reduction methodology and the lessons learnt are adaptable for both textile and the other similar industries. With this transferability, a key part of the work of this methodology in the thesis provides a framework and a series of steps that allows this approach to be taken to SME industry

OBSERVER-BASED-CONTROLLER FOR INVERTED PENDULUM MODEL

This paper presents a state space control technique for inverted pendulum system. The system is a common classical control problem that has been widely used to test multiple control algorithms because of its nonlinear and unstable behavior. Full state feedback based on pole placement and optimal control is applied to the inverted pendulum system to achieve desired design specification which are 4 seconds settling time and 5% overshoot. The simulation and optimization of the full state feedback controller based on pole placement and optimal control techniques as well as the performance comparison between these techniques is described comprehensively. The comparison is made to choose the most suitable technique for the system that have the best trade-off between settling time and overshoot. Besides that, the observer design is analyzed to see the effect of pole location and noise present in the system

A Review of Resonant Converter Control Techniques and The Performances

paper first discusses each control technique and then gives experimental results and/or performance to highlights their merits. The resonant converter used as a case study is not specified to just single topology instead it used few topologies such as series-parallel resonant converter (SPRC), LCC resonant converter and parallel resonant converter (PRC). On the other hand, the control techniques presented in this paper are self-sustained phase shift modulation (SSPSM) control, self-oscillating power factor control, magnetic control and the H-∞ robust control technique

A Review of Resonant Converter Control Techniques and The Performances

paper first discusses each control technique and then gives experimental results and/or performance to highlights their merits. The resonant converter used as a case study is not specified to just single topology instead it used few topologies such as series-parallel resonant converter (SPRC), LCC resonant converter and parallel resonant converter (PRC). On the other hand, the control techniques presented in this paper are self-sustained phase shift modulation (SSPSM) control, self-oscillating power factor control, magnetic control and the H-∞ robust control technique

State-Feedback Controller Based on Pole Placement Technique for Inverted Pendulum System

This paper presents a state space control technique for inverted pendulum system using simulation and real experiment via MATLAB/SIMULINK software. The inverted pendulum is difficult system to control in the field of control engineering. It is also one of the most important classical control system problems because of its nonlinear characteristics and unstable system. It has three main problems that always appear in control application which are nonlinear system, unstable and non-minimumbehavior phase system. This project will apply state feedback controller based on pole placement technique which is capable in stabilizing the practical based inverted pendulum at vertical position. Desired design specifications which are 4 seconds settling time and 5 % overshoot is needed to apply in full state feedback controller based on pole placement technique. First of all, the mathematical model of an inverted pendulum system is derived to obtain the state space representation of the system. Then, the design phase of the State-Feedback Controller can be conducted after linearization technique is performed to the nonlinear equation with the aid of mathematical aided software such as Mathcad. After that, the design is simulated using MATLAB/Simulink software. The controller design of the inverted pendulum system is verified using simulation and experiment test. Finally the controller design is compared with PID controller for benchmarking purpose