46,583 research outputs found
Evaluation of Cognitive Architectures for Cyber-Physical Production Systems
Cyber-physical production systems (CPPS) integrate physical and computational
resources due to increasingly available sensors and processing power. This
enables the usage of data, to create additional benefit, such as condition
monitoring or optimization. These capabilities can lead to cognition, such that
the system is able to adapt independently to changing circumstances by learning
from additional sensors information. Developing a reference architecture for
the design of CPPS and standardization of machines and software interfaces is
crucial to enable compatibility of data usage between different machine models
and vendors. This paper analysis existing reference architecture regarding
their cognitive abilities, based on requirements that are derived from three
different use cases. The results from the evaluation of the reference
architectures, which include two instances that stem from the field of
cognitive science, reveal a gap in the applicability of the architectures
regarding the generalizability and the level of abstraction. While reference
architectures from the field of automation are suitable to address use case
specific requirements, and do not address the general requirements, especially
w.r.t. adaptability, the examples from the field of cognitive science are well
usable to reach a high level of adaption and cognition. It is desirable to
merge advantages of both classes of architectures to address challenges in the
field of CPPS in Industrie 4.0
Consciosusness in Cognitive Architectures. A Principled Analysis of RCS, Soar and ACT-R
This report analyses the aplicability of the principles of consciousness developed in the ASys project to three of the most relevant cognitive architectures. This is done in relation to their aplicability to build integrated control systems and studying their support for general mechanisms of real-time consciousness.\ud
To analyse these architectures the ASys Framework is employed. This is a conceptual framework based on an extension for cognitive autonomous systems of the General Systems Theory (GST).\ud
A general qualitative evaluation criteria for cognitive architectures is established based upon: a) requirements for a cognitive architecture, b) the theoretical framework based on the GST and c) core design principles for integrated cognitive conscious control systems
Challenging the Computational Metaphor: Implications for How We Think
This paper explores the role of the traditional computational metaphor in our thinking as computer scientists, its influence on epistemological styles, and its implications for our understanding of cognition. It proposes to replace the conventional metaphor--a sequence of steps--with the notion of a community of interacting entities, and examines the ramifications of such a shift on these various ways in which we think
A Survey of Brain Inspired Technologies for Engineering
Cognitive engineering is a multi-disciplinary field and hence it is difficult
to find a review article consolidating the leading developments in the field.
The in-credible pace at which technology is advancing pushes the boundaries of
what is achievable in cognitive engineering. There are also differing
approaches to cognitive engineering brought about from the multi-disciplinary
nature of the field and the vastness of possible applications. Thus research
communities require more frequent reviews to keep up to date with the latest
trends. In this paper we shall dis-cuss some of the approaches to cognitive
engineering holistically to clarify the reasoning behind the different
approaches and to highlight their strengths and weaknesses. We shall then show
how developments from seemingly disjointed views could be integrated to achieve
the same goal of creating cognitive machines. By reviewing the major
contributions in the different fields and showing the potential for a combined
approach, this work intends to assist the research community in devising more
unified methods and techniques for developing cognitive machines
A Model of Emotion as Patterned Metacontrol
Adaptive systems use feedback as a key strategy to cope with uncertainty and change in their environments. The information fed back from the sensorimotor loop into the control architecture can be used to change different elements of the controller at four different levels: parameters of the control model, the control model itself, the functional organization of the agent and the functional components of the agent. The complexity of such a space of potential configurations is daunting. The only viable alternative for the agent ?in practical, economical, evolutionary terms? is the reduction of the dimensionality of the configuration space. This reduction is achieved both by functionalisation —or, to be more precise, by interface minimization— and by patterning, i.e. the selection among a predefined set of organisational configurations. This last analysis let us state the central problem of how autonomy emerges from the integration of the cognitive, emotional and autonomic systems in strict functional terms: autonomy is achieved by the closure of functional dependency. In this paper we will show a general model of how the emotional biological systems operate following this theoretical analysis and how this model is also of applicability to a wide spectrum of artificial systems
Cognitive architectures as Lakatosian research programmes: two case studies
Cognitive architectures - task-general theories of the structure and function of the complete cognitive system - are sometimes argued to be more akin to frameworks or belief systems than scientific theories. The argument stems from the apparent non-falsifiability of existing cognitive architectures. Newell was aware of this criticism and argued that architectures should be viewed not as theories subject to Popperian falsification, but rather as Lakatosian research programs based on cumulative growth. Newell's argument is undermined because he failed to demonstrate that the development of Soar, his own candidate architecture, adhered to Lakatosian principles. This paper presents detailed case studies of the development of two cognitive architectures, Soar and ACT-R, from a Lakatosian perspective. It is demonstrated that both are broadly Lakatosian, but that in both cases there have been theoretical progressions that, according to Lakatosian criteria, are pseudo-scientific. Thus, Newell's defense of Soar as a scientific rather than pseudo-scientific theory is not supported in practice. The ACT series of architectures has fewer pseudo-scientific progressions than Soar, but it too is vulnerable to accusations of pseudo-science. From this analysis, it is argued that successive versions of theories of the human cognitive architecture must explicitly address five questions to maintain scientific credibility
Optimal load shedding for microgrids with unlimited DGs
Recent years, increasing trends on electrical supply demand, make us to search for
the new alternative in supplying the electrical power. A study in micro grid system
with embedded Distribution Generations (DGs) to the system is rapidly increasing.
Micro grid system basically is design either operate in islanding mode or
interconnect with the main grid system. In any condition, the system must have
reliable power supply and operating at low transmission power loss. During the
emergency state such as outages of power due to electrical or mechanical faults in
the system, it is important for the system to shed any load in order to maintain the
system stability and security. In order to reduce the transmission loss, it is very
important to calculate best size of the DGs as well as to find the best positions in
locating the DG itself.. Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) has been applied to find
and calculate the load shedding priorities based on decision alternatives which have
been made. The main objective of this project is to optimize the load shedding in the
micro grid system with unlimited DG’s by applied optimization technique
Gravitational Search Algorithm (GSA). The technique is used to optimize the
placement and sizing of DGs, as well as to optimal the load shedding. Several load
shedding schemes have been proposed and studied in this project such as load
shedding with fixed priority index, without priority index and with dynamic priority
index. The proposed technique was tested on the IEEE 69 Test Bus Distribution
system
Explicit learning in ACT-R
A popular distinction in the learning literature is the distinction between implicit and explicit learning. Although many studies elaborate on the nature of implicit learning, little attention is left for explicit learning. The unintentional aspect of implicit learning corresponds well to the mechanistic view of learning employed in architectures of cognition. But how to account for deliberate, intentional, explicit learning? This chapter argues that explicit learning can be explained by strategies that exploit implicit learning mechanisms. This idea is explored and modelled using the ACT-R theory (Anderson, 1993). An explicit strategy for learning facts in ACT-Rs declarative memory is rehearsal, a strategy that uses ACT-Rs activation learning mechanisms to gain deliberate control over what is learned. In the same sense, strategies for explicit procedural learning are proposed. Procedural learning in ACT-R involves generalisation of examples. Explicit learning rules can create and manipulate these examples. An example of these explicit rules will be discussed. These rules are general enough to be able to model the learning of three different tasks. Furthermore, the last of these models can explain the difference between adults and children in the discrimination-shift task
Aircraft systems architecting: a functional-logical domain perspective
Presented is a novel framework for early systems architecture design. The framework defines data structures and algorithms that enable the systems architect to operate interactively and simultaneously in both the functional and logical domains. A prototype software tool, called AirCADia Architect, was implemented, which allowed the framework to be evaluated by practicing aircraft systems architects. The evaluation confirmed that, on the whole, the approach enables the architects to effectively express their creative ideas when synthesizing new architectures while still retaining control over the process
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