An Empirical Investigation into the Assimilation of Open Source Server Software

In recent years, open source software (OSS) has become widely known and adopted in practice. In academic literature, an increasing number of studies on the adoption of OSS have been published to investigate which factors influence its adoption. However, most of these studies have an exploratory nature, and empirical support based on a large-scale quantitative study is still missing. To address this issue, we present the results of a large-scale quantitative study investigating the factors that influence the assimilation of open source server software (OSSS) by organizations. OSSS refers to open source software products such as operating systems, web servers and mail servers. We developed a conceptual model that describes the factors influencing the assimilation of OSSS. We gathered data from 210 Belgian organizations and analyzed it using PLS to test this conceptual model. The proposed model was able to explain a large proportion of the variance in the dependent variable in the model. Surprisingly, we have found no support for the influence of several widely claimed advantages of OSSS. Our findings further show that the assimilation of OSSS is predominantly influenced by the availability of internal and external knowledge of OSSS

Why Organizations Adopt Green IT: A Comprehensive Review

Recently, Green IT has become one of the hottest topics in IS field. Among questions related to Green IT, the first one is “Why organizations adopt Green IT”. Just like there is no consensus on what Green IT is, no consistent answer has been proposed for this question. Beginning with a clarification of the definition of Green IT, this paper reviewed and summarized the predictors of organizational adoption of Green IT identified by previous studies. Based on the TOE framework, a taxonomy was provided in this paper. Several critical observations were discussed as well

Open Source Software and Performance: A Fit Perspective

Although Open Source Software (OSS) is popular, its continued use in organizations remains an issue, as evidenced by users reporting frequent problems, experiencing hold-ups, and running into implementation and integration issues. Often, it is argued that fit between the person’s task, values and work demands pose challenges for the successful use of OSS. In this context, this study draws on the concepts of task-technology fit and person-organization fit to develop a model to explore how different dimensions of fit interact with each other to influence OSS user’s productivity and innovation performance. Survey data was collected from OSS users to test the proposed model. Results of the analysis show that when there is fit between an individual’s OSS skills and the nature of the task to be performed (demand-ability fit), an OSS user’s productivity performance increases, whereas, his innovation performance decreases. Further, when the organization’s OSS values matches that of the individual user’s (value-based fit), his task productivity decreases. Implications of the results suggest that organizations that intend to use OSS for a long time need to recruit employees keeping in mind the nature of their OSS projects and the demands and priorities of the tasks performed in the organization

Conceptual model for cloud ERP adoption for SMEs

The Small and Medium Enterprise industry is experiencing a major transformation towards cloud ERP systems. These systems can organize, and maintain data remotely, accept a pay-as-you- use method and enhance related information through a cloud computing platform. Hence, this makes the cloud ERP system crucial for their sustainability and enables them to become competitive in the market. However, the adoption rate of cloud ERP among Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) has been recorded as slightly low compared to other enterprise systems like Customer Relationship Management. This could be attributed to unclear adoption factors among SMEs and the lack of a theoretical model that can enhance the predictive power to adopt a cloud ERP system. To address this gap, the objective of this study is to develop a conceptual model by which to investigate the broad factors which influence or inhibit the adoption of cloud ERP, the model based on TOE, DOI and FVM. Thus, this model intends to help SMEs managers understand and increase predictive capacity on cloud ERP adoption. The model has been constructed using four dimensions, namely; task, technology, organization and environmental. Findings from this study are projected to be able to instruct SMEs decision-makers on the factors that will lead to successful adoption. The proposed model will be a critical lens for decision-makers on cloud ERP adoption

Decision-making Processes in Community-based Free/Libre Open Source Software-development Teams with Internal Governance: An Extension to Decision-making Theory

Community-based free/libre open source software (FLOSS) teams with internal governance constitute an extreme example of distributed teams, prominent in software development. At the core of distributed team success lies team decision making and execution. However, in FLOSS teams, one might expect the lack of formal organizational structures to guide practices and reliance on asynchronous communication to make decision making problematic. Despite these challenges, many effective FLOSS teams exist. We lack research on how organizations make IS development decisions in general and on FLOSS decision-making models in particular. The decision-making literature on FLOSS teams has focused on the distribution of decision-making power. Therefore, it remains unclear which decision-making theories fit the FLOSS context best or whether we require novel decision-making models. We adopted a process-based perspective to analyze decision making in five community-based FLOSS teams. We identified five different decision-making processes, which indicates that FLOSS teams use multiple processes when making decisions. Decision-making behaviors remained stable across projects even though they required different types of knowledge. We help fill the literature gap about which FLOSS decision mechanisms one can explain using classical decision-making theories. Practically, community and company leaders can use knowledge of these decision processes to develop infrastructure that fits FLOSS decision-making processes

Determinants of Mobile Commerce Adoption in Developing Countries: Evidence from Rwanda

The rapid development of wireless technology and telecommunication networks has led to mobile devices playing an increasing role in people's lives. Businesses have recognised the value of mobile communication tools and trading platforms. A new type of technology-aided commerce – mobile commerce including mobile financial services – has gained importance in theory and practice. However, in the context of developing countries, the literature on the potential of mobile commerce and its driving factors is still limited. Along five empirical studies conducted in Rwanda, this research identifies the factors that drive the success of mobile commerce and financial services. It defines an appropriate infrastructure (power supply and network connectivity), a suitable regulatory setting, sufficient consumer awareness, and a proper distribution network as crucial for adopting mobile commerce and harvesting its potential. Thereupon, the research derives recommendations to Rwandan policymakers and practitioners in order to achieve economic growth, reduce poverty, and enhance national welfare Rwanda

Case of Indonesian Covid-19 Chatbot Service

학위논문(석사) -- 서울대학교대학원 : 공과대학 협동과정 기술경영·경제·정책전공, 2021.8. 황준석.Currently, various countries have a national Artificial Intelligence (AI) as a reference to implement the strategies and identify the direction of government policies. AI encompasses a wide range of technologies, one of which is the chatbot platform that can increase efficiency, save time and budget, and provide higher quality public services. Furthermore, in 2019, the Indonesian government released the features of the chatbot platform, which has 2 million users from a total population of 250 million people. Therefore, this study aims to examine the current problems in adopting a chatbot platform using technological, organizational, and environmental (TOE) framework approach. The results show recommendations on the aspects to be considered when adopting AI-based public services.최근 들어, 많은 국가에서 인공지능(AI; Artificial Intelligence) 기반 사회를 위한 AI 구축 전략을 쓰고 있다. AI는 다양한 기술을 필요로 하며 적용사례를 사회 전반에서 찾아볼 수 있는데, 그중 하나는 시간, 비용적으로 효율적이며 높은 질의 공공 서비스 제공이 가능한 챗봇이다. 2019년 인도네시아 정부는 코로나-19 감염증에 관련된 기본적인 정보를 제공할 수 있는 AI 기반 챗봇을 출시했는데, 약 2억 5천만 인구 중 약 2백만 명 만이 사용했다. 본 연구의 목적은 인도네시아에서 챗봇 서비스를 보급하는 데에 있어서 문제가 되는 기술적, 조직적, 환경적 요인들을 조사하는 것이며, 이를 바탕으로 보급을 위해 고려 할 만한 사항들을 인도네시아 정부에 추천하는 것이다.Chapter 1. Introduction １ 1.1 Research Background １ 1.2 Research Purpose ４ 1.3 Scope of the Research ７ 1.4 Research Methodology ７ Chapter 2. Theoretical Background and Hypotheses Development ８ 2.1 Platform ８ 2.1.1 Platform Issues ９ 2.1.2 Security Issues １０ 2.2 Indonesian Government Policy １１ 2.2.1 Roadmap eGovernment １４ 2.2.2 Indonesian Broadband Plan １８ 2.2.3 The movement towards 100 Smart Cities ２１ 2.2.4 National Artificial Intelligence Strategy ２２ 2.3 Artificial Intelligence ２４ 2.3.1 Chatbot Platform ２６ 2.3.2 AI Ethics ２９ 2.4 TOE Framework ３１ 2.5 Structure Equation Modeling (SEM) ３５ 2.5.1 SEM Relationship Model ３６ 2.5.2 Partial Least Squares (PLS) ３８ 2.6 Hypotheses Development ３９ 2.6.1 Technology ３９ 2.6.1.1 Perceived Usefulness ４０ 2.6.1.2 ICT Expertise ４０ 2.6.1.3 ICT Infrastructure ４１ 2.6.2 Organization ４１ 2.6.2.1 Top Management Support ４２ 2.6.2.2 Staff Capacity ４２ 2.6.3 Environment ４３ 2.6.3.1 Regulatory Environment ４３ 2.6.3.2 Citizen Participation ４４ Chapter 3. Research Methodology ４５ 3.1 Qualitative approaches ４５ 3.2 Quantitative approaches ４６ 3.2.1 Population and Sample ４７ 3.3 Data Collection ４８ 3.3.1 Survey ４８ 3.3.2 Survey Instrument ４８ Chapter 4. Analysis and Results ５３ 4.1 Demographic Data of Respondents ５３ 4.1.1 Origin of the institution ５３ 4.1.2 Role in the Institution ５４ 4.1.3 Age ５５ 4.1.4 The number of public services under the institution ５５ 4.1.5 Status of AI-based public services implementation ５６ 4.1.6 Respondents Demographics Summary ５７ 4.2 Data Analysis using SEM Method Using SmartPLS 3.3.2 ５７ 4.2.1 Path diagram formation ５８ 4.2.2 Evaluation of Measurement Model (Outer Model) ５８ 4.2.2.1 The convergent validity examination analysis ５９ 4.2.3 Evaluation of Structural Model ６３ 4.2.3.1 Path Coefficients ６３ 4.2.3.2 Coefficients of Determinant (R2) ６４ 4.2.3.3 Hypothesis test ６５ 4.2.3.4 Effect Size (f2) ６６ 4.3 Discussion of Analysis Results ６７ 4.3.1 Relationship between Perceived usefulness, ICT Expertise, and ICT Infrastructure with technological dimensions. ８１ 4.3.2 Relationship between Top Management Support and Staff Capacity with Organizational dimensions. ８２ 4.3.3 Relationship between Regulatory Environment and Citizen Participation with environment dimensions. ８４ 4.3.4 Relationship between Technology dimension with Intention to adoption ８６ 4.3.5 Relationship between Organizational dimension with Intention to adoption ８７ 4.3.6 Relationship between Environment dimension with Intention to adoption ８８ 4.4 Implication ８９ 4.4.1 Theoretical Implication ８９ 4.4.2 Practical Implication ９０ Chapter 5. Conclusion and Limitation ９２ 5.1 Discussion ９２ 5.2 Model Comparison ９６ 5.3 Limitation and Future Research ９７ Bibliography ９９ Questioner １０４ Summary Measurement Model １０７석

Development of implementation models for hospital information system (HIS) in Malaysian public hospitals

Studies have shown that Hospital Information System (HIS) implementation improve hospital’s management and activities in terms of cost and time reductions. However, there are only 15.2% out of 138 Malaysian Public Hospitals implemented HIS. Literatures have further highlighted various issues and challenges with regards to its implementation. Therefore, this study aimed to explore the implementation of THIS, IHIS and BHIS’s hospitals as well as factors affecting them. This study employed a mixed methods approach to answer the research objectives. In the first phase of this study, semi-structured interviews were conducted with nine participants consisted of the hospital directors, Information Technology officers and HIS users. It is found that THIS’s hospital implementation phases differed from IHIS and BHIS’s hospitals, while IHIS and BHIS’s hospitals have similar phases based on Business Interaction Phases of Business Action Theory. Human context was discovered to play important roles in the HIS implementation. A survey was conducted in the second phase of this study among HIS users at different categories of HIS’s hospitals. Two hundred and twenty-nine questionnaires were returned to yield a response rate of 45.8%. Based on ANOVA findings, factors affecting THIS implementation were significantly different from those in IHIS and BHIS’s hospitals. There was no significance different between IHIS and BHIS’s hospitals. There are three major contributions of this study: 1) Distinctive implementation phases for THIS hospital and IHIS-BHIS hospital were discovered for HIS implementation. 2) New models of HIS implementation which highlight the Human context were proposed, and 3) Different factors were found to affect HIS implementation at different types of HIS’s hospitals

Adoption of Cloud Computing in the SMEs: An exploration of the issues and challenges for adoption of Cloud Computing by SMEs in Bangladesh in the context of “Digital Bangladesh”

Cloud Computing is one of the most recent sophisticated technologies which can play a pivotal role in small and medium sized enterprises primarily because it may offer ICT resources to small businesses without large up-front costs nor expensive investment in specialist staff. This technology, however, is not presently used extensively in SMEs in Bangladesh owing to numerous causes and issues, which provide barriers to its adoption. The importance of SMEs in Bangladeshi economic and social development is crucial. The aim of this research is: • to investigate and to identify issues that explain the challenges of adoption of Cloud Computing by SMEs in Bangladesh; • to place these issues in an academic context by developing and proposing a conceptual framework for understanding drivers and barriers to Cloud Computing adoption and • to explore directions for Bangladeshi SMEs to adopt Cloud Computing within the framework of Bangladesh’s government policies for “Digital Bangladesh”. The “Digital Bangladesh” policy is a set of proposals for making the country digital by bringing the nation’s economy under the umbrella of ICT-related technologies. This policy does not simply mean the comprehensive use of computers in businesses but a modernisation of thinking about the use of advanced digital technologies in an effective way in business, education, and job creation by connecting citizens, businesses, government and ICT specialists. Targets for Digital Bangladesh is to achieve an increase in the country’s annual Gross Domestic Product (GDP) of 10% by 2021 and to double the GDP contribution of SME sectors from 23% to 40%. Development of ICT use in Bangladeshi SMEs – in a variety of business sectors is, thus, fairly central to the Digital Bangladesh policy. This research has used primarily qualitative research methods, whereby data has been collected by conducting interviews with a sample of purposefully selected people from various SME sectors in different metropolitan centres in Bangladesh. In order to investigate and understand the nature of the issues confronting SMEs, this study sought to identify some potential solutions that may lead to Cloud Computing adoption within Bangladeshi SMEs within the Digital Bangladesh policy. Nine different types of SMEs were chosen to participate in this exploration. By using thematic analysis, the collected data are analysed and matched against the proposed framework for identifying drivers and barriers to Cloud Computing adoption. The observed issues were categorized into ‘internal’, ‘external’ and ‘technological’ contexts. This research contributes to the body of knowledge concerning Cloud Computing and its potential use in business contexts by providing a wide-ranging review of the literature that is directed upon identifying issues that challenging the Cloud Computing adoption. This research further developed two other frameworks addressing the drivers (incentives) and barriers to adoption of Cloud Computing especially in smaller businesses. In addition, an integrated but novel conceptual framework was developed to enable Bangladeshi SMEs and Bangladeshi ICT specialists to understand better the issues that may explain the challenges, thus far, of Cloud Computing adoption by SMEs. A realistic roadmap was developed to assist Bangladeshi SMEs to adopt Cloud Computing solutions in order to minimise the current gaps between theory and practice

Strategic implications of E-business adoption by family owned Maltese manufacturing SMEs : an exploratory analysis

The importance of SMEs in national and global economies is increasingly becoming of interest in academic and political scenarios, especially when it comes to innovation and creativity of business strategies that SMEs are known for. However, comparatively little can be found on how the strategic implications of family-owned manufacturing SMEs affected the competitive strategy of their firm when it came to adopt e-business technology. Malta has a micro-economy, with a manufacturing sector that strived to provide an ambience that stimulated growth and the need to use e-business technologies. This study aims to map the strategic implications of family-owned manufacturing SMEs by exploring their readiness that motivated or inhibited the adoption of e-business in this small island state. The owners/managers of 20 family-owned businesses that fell in line with the EU’s definition of SMEs were examined within the Maltese industrial manufacturing context. It was concluded that for a research study of this type, Rogers’s (1995) diffusion of innovation theory (DOI) and Tornatzsky and Fleischer’s (1990) technology, organisational and environment theory (TOE) were stronger when combined. Critical analyses of contemporary theories related to e-business adoption revealed how one individual theory on its own could not adequately explain the readiness of family-owned SMEs that were gearing or considering in investing in e-business. The readiness of the owners/managers that were considered as the main decision makers and sole representatives of the firms, were explored by a combined DOI and TOE assessment. The combination of the DOI and TOE assessed the readiness and their likely levels of investing in this technology. The rationale for the adoption of the DOI and TOE theories in combination, along with a critique and an argument on the non-use of four other theories in this field of study was substantiated. Hence, to consider this issue and address the relevant gaps, the combination of the two theoretical frameworks Rogers’s (1995) DOI and Tornatzsky and Fleischer’s (1990) TOE were applied to assess major/minor motivators or inhibitors that could be have been an impediment to the readiness of the firm. Before the main study interviews, a pilot study of the two SME firms was conducted. Subsequently, a thematic grid analysis of the conducted interviews was designed prior the main study’s interviews with the 20 SMEs, that were examined in a separate modified analysis grid. The findings from this study created an understanding of what were the motivational and inhibitor influences that affected the readiness when it came to adopt e-business and their likeleness levels to invest in e-business as a strategy. In terms of academic and practitioner contributions, this study has extended on seminal and contemporary studies conducted around the world that were a source of a greater potential in expanding on the existing understanding of what are the dimensions and elements that made Maltese family SME owner/managers ready to adopt e-business. The findings of this study contributed towards the SMEs in general that were planning to adopt e-business as part of their modus operandi by applying their strategies based on the findings from this research. From the theoretical point of view, the findings of this study were consistent with both theories used in seminal and contemporary literature. The empirical evidence of this study contributed to the body of knowledge in e-business adoption by SMEs in general. Therefore, this study can be considered as a theoretical and practitioner contributor by supporting both the TOE and DOI theories